从生态批评到环境文学:日本环境文学理论演变  

The Evolution of Japanese Environmental Literature Theory

作　　者：徐嘉熠 Xu Jiayi

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《文学理论前沿》2024年第1期269-293,共25页Frontiers of Literary Theory

摘　　要：日本是最早接受生态批评理论的国家之一,并且继美国之后,于1994年成立了世界上第二个文学与环境研究会(ASLE-Japan)。如今,日本环境文学研究走过了近30年的历程,经历了四个发展阶段:英美文学研究者以自然写作为研究重心的第一阶段,尝试生态批评日本化的第二阶段,多领域、多学科协同助力发展“日本的”环境文学研究的第三阶段,以及现在仍在进行当中的探索新的环境人文学研究的第四阶段。日本环境文学研究在积极引进西方前沿生态批评理论的同时,立足于本国的文学特点,发展出日本的研究视角与方法,如自然他者论、“第二自然”、“里山”学等。本文将梳理和考察日本环境文学研究各个阶段的历史发展过程以及理论接受的特色,对未来研究做出展望,以期为我国生态批评发展和生态文明建设提供借鉴。Japan was one of the earliest to receive the theory of ecocriticism,and it established the world's second Association for the Study of Literature and Environment(ASLE-Japan)in 1994 after the United States.Today,the study of Japanese environmental literature with about a history of 30 years'research has gone through four stages of development,which are stageⅠ-focusing on nature writing by researchers of Anglo-American literature,stageⅡ-trying to Japanize eco-criticism,stageⅢ-in which multiple fields and disciplines collaborated to develop“Japanese”environmental literary studies,and the ongoing stageⅣ-exploring new environmental humanities research.While actively introducing gwesterncutting-edgeecocritical theories,Japanese environmental literature studies have developed unique research perspectives and approaches based on their literary characteristics,such as the theory of the alterity of nature,“secondary nature”,and“Satoyama”st studies.Thisarticle discusses and analyzes the development of each stage of Japanese environmental literature research as well as the characteristics of theoretical acceptance and gives perspectives on future studies.This work provides not only a valuable insight towards Japanese environmental literature but also an important reference for the development of ecocriticism and the construction of ecological civilization in China.

关 键 词：生态批评 环境文学 交感 自然他者化 环境人文学 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]