老年人认知衰退与抑郁的动态关系及社会参与的调节作用  

The Dynamic Relationship between Cognitive Decline and Depression in Older Adults and the Moderating Role of Social Participation

作　　者：徐金燕 曹秀清 Xu Jinyan;Cao Xiuqing

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学法学与公共管理学院 [2]湖南科技大学教育学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2025年第2期29-44,共16页Chinese Journal of Population Science

摘　　要：文章基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2011~2020年追踪数据,采用潜增长模型和随机截距交叉滞后面板模型,考察老年人认知水平和抑郁水平的变动轨迹及相互作用关系,并探讨了社会参与在认知衰退和抑郁水平变动关系中的动态调节作用。研究发现,老年人认知水平随时间存在不断衰退的一般性趋势,但相应趋势具有人群差异。认知水平与抑郁水平的动态关系主要表现为认知衰退单向影响抑郁风险,其作用性质从期初的不利影响随时间逐渐下降,最终转变为“保护”效应。持续的社会参与可以有效调节老年人认知衰退对抑郁的不利影响,相应效应主要集中于低龄老年人。文章建议针对不同老年人群体定期进行认知衰退和抑郁筛查,并建立基于老年人差异化需求的社会参与长效机制,以延缓老年人认知衰退进程和降低抑郁风险。Based on the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)from 2011 to 2020,this paper uses the Latent Growth Curve Models and the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model to examine the dynamic change trajectories of cognition and depression of the elderly,as well as their interaction relationship.It also explores the moderating role of social participation in the relationship between cognitive decline and changes of the depression.The results show that there is a general trend of continuous decline in the cognition of the elderly over time,but this trend varies among different groups of people.The dynamic relationship between the cognition and the depression is mainly manifested as a one-way influence of cognitive decline on the risk of depression.The nature of this influence gradually decreases from an adverse effect in the initial stage over time and eventually turns into a"protective"effect.Continuous social participation can effectively moderate the adverse impact of cognitive decline on depression among the elderly,and the corresponding effect is mainly concentrated among the younger elderly.This paper suggests that regular screening for cognitive decline and depression should be carried out for different groups of the elderly,and a long-term mechanism of social participation based on the differentiated needs of the elderly should be established to delay the process of cognitive decline and reduce the risk of depression in the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 认知衰退 抑郁 社会参与 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]