数字经济对劳动力市场就业质量的影响——基于“宽带中国”试点政策的准自然实验  

Impact of the Digital Economy on Employment Quality in the Labour Market:A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the"Broadband China"Pilot Policy

作　　者：王若男 丁泓予 李晓燕[1] Wang Ruonan;Ding Hongyu;Li Xiaoyan

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院生态文明研究所 [2]四川省社会科学院农村发展研究所

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2025年第2期62-78,共17页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“基于产业互联网的城乡融合理论逻辑与实现路径研究”(编号:21XJL001);中共中央宣传部宣传思想文化青年英才自主选题项目“乡村振兴背景下农业高质量发展路径研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数字经济是新发展阶段推动更高质量就业的新动能。文章以“宽带中国”试点政策为准自然实验,采用渐进双重差分模型,探究数字经济对劳动力市场就业质量的影响。研究表明:(1)数字经济对就业质量的提升效应在统计意义上显著,但其经济意义相对有限,主要体现为显著提高了工资水平和工作满意度,但也增加了工作强度;(2)数字经济通过提升生产效率和优化产业结构对就业质量具有正向影响,但其对就业岗位的冲击也会负向影响就业质量,其通过压缩时空距离提升就业质量的中介作用仅对高技能劳动力有效;(3)从时间趋势看,数字经济的就业质量提升效应尚不具备持续性;(4)在中国独特的双重劳动力市场中,数字经济有助于推动农村低技能劳动力进入市场并提升其就业质量,同时会影响城市低技能和高技能劳动力的职业选择、提升城市中技能和高技能劳动力的就业质量,由于农村低技能劳动力进入市场带来的“拥挤效应”,城市低技能劳动力的就业质量未显著改善。文章基于上述结论提出了政策建议。The digital economy serves as a new driver for fostering higher-quality employment.This study employs a quasi-natural experiment based on the"Broadband China"pilot policy and applies a TV-DID model to investigate the impact of the digital economy on employment quality in the labour market.The results indicate that:(1)The digital economy significantly enhances employment quality in statistical terms,though its economic significance is relatively limited.Specifically,it raises wages and job satisfaction but also increases work intensity.(2)The digital economy improves employment quality by boosting productivity and optimizing the industrial structure.However,it also negatively affects employment quality by disrupting job opportunities,with the mediating effect of reducing spatiotemporal distance benefiting only high-skilled labour.(3)The positive impact of the digital economy on employment quality is not sustainable over time.(4)Within China's dual labour market,the digital economy has facilitated the entry of rural low-skilled labour into the labour market and improved their employment quality.It has also influenced the occupational choices of urban low-skilled and high-skilled labour,enhancing employment quality for urban medium-skilled and high-skilled labour.However,the employment quality of urban low-skilled workers has not significantly improved due to the crowding-out effect of rural low-skilled labour.The article concludes with policy recommendations based on these findings.

关 键 词：数字经济 劳动力市场 就业质量 宽带中国 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]