中国国家免疫规划脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗免疫策略的成本效用分析  

Cost-utility analysis of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccination in the National Immunization Program of China

作　　者：林泊仪 李明爽 张倩[1] 闫婷婷 吴丹[1] 周佳佳 郑徽[1] Lin Boyi;Li Mingshuang;Zhang Qian;Yan Tingting;Wu Dan;Zhou Jiajia;Zheng Hui(National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室,中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2025年第1期80-86,共7页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金-海淀原始创新联合基金(L232072);中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生应急反应机制运行项目(102393220020010000017)。

摘　　要：目的分析国家免疫规划脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗(Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MPV)免疫策略的成本效用。方法收集相关参数构建成本效用分析的决策树-Markov模型,计算2022年出生队列实施MPV免疫策略与不实施免疫策略相比在人均预期寿命观察期的增量成本效用比(Incremental cost-utility ratio,ICUR),对模型进行单因素敏感性分析。结果2022年出生队列实施MPV免疫策略与不实施免疫策略相比,估算增加的总成本为154790万元,减少流脑发病和死亡分别为3493例和360例,增加的效用为49389质量调整生命年(Quality-adjusted life years,QALY),ICUR为5640元/QALY。敏感性分析显示ICUR稳定在1倍中国人均国内生产总值以内。结论实施国家免疫规划MPV免疫策略具有成本效用,可有效降低流脑疾病负担。Objective To estimate the cost-utility of a meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine(MPV)immunization strategy in the National Immunization Program of China.Methods We searched for and identified relevant parameter values and constructed a decision tree-Markov model for cost-utility analysis.We estimated the incremental cost-utility ratio(ICUR)of an MPV immunization strategy for the 2022 birth cohort that has average life expectancy during the observation period,compared with no MPV vaccination.We conducted a univariate sensitivity analysis of the model.Results Compared with no MPV vaccination,the incremental total cost for the MPV immunization strategy in the 2022 birth cohort was estimated to be 1547.90 million yuan.The immunization strategy could prevent 3493 meningococcal disease cases and 360 deaths and increase utility by 49389 quality-adjusted life years(QALYs),yielding an ICUR of 5640 yuan per QALY.Sensitivity analysis showed that the ICUR remained within the per capita gross domestic product in China.Conclusion An MPV immunization strategy in the National Immunization Program has a favorable cost-utility profile and could effectively reduce the meningococcal disease burden.

关 键 词：脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗 成本效用分析 决策树-Markov模型 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]