猴痘疫苗在真实世界中的有效性和安全性系统综述  

Real-world effectiveness and safety of Mpox vaccines:a systematic review Huang Fang1,

作　　者：黄芳 周祥 李智[1] 任佳[1] 郭翔[1] 严涵 黄卓英[1] 孙晓冬[1] Zhou Xiang;Li Zhi;Ren Jia;Guo Xiang;Yan Han;Huang Zhuoying;Sun Xiaodong(Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China;Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336 [2]上海中医药大学,上海201203

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2025年第1期109-116,共8页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：公共卫生人才培养支持项目;上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)重点学科建设项目(GWVI-11.1-01)。

摘　　要：目的系统评价猴痘疫苗在真实世界中的有效性和安全性。方法从4种英文文献数据库中检索截至2024年10月31日发表的相关研究文献,分析猴痘疫苗接种预防猴痘感染的保护效果(Vaccine effectiveness,VE)和接种后不良事件(Adverse event,AE)发生率。结果共纳入18篇研究文献,研究对象均为猴痘暴露或高危人群,研究疫苗均为复制缺陷型天花疫苗MVA-BN。接种1剂次和2剂次MVA-BN预防猴痘感染的VE分别为52%~78%和≥80%;皮下与皮内注射途径的VE相似;VE在免疫力低下、人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性和性接触同居人群中降低。MVA-BN接种后局部AE发生率高于全身AE;不同接种剂次的AE发生率相似;皮内注射AE发生率高于皮下注射;严重AE罕见。结论本系统综述显示接种MVA-BN安全有效,2剂次接种的有效性优于1剂次,不同注射途径的有效性无显著差异,皮下注射的安全性优于皮内注射。Objective To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness and safety of Mpox vaccines in the real world.Methods We retrieved relevant literature published by October 31,2024 from four English literature databases that evaluated Mpox vaccine effectiveness(VE)against Mpox infection and incidence of adverse event(AE)after Mpox vaccination.Results Eighteen studies were included.Subjects in the studies were either Mpox-exposed or high-risk populations;the only vaccine evaluated in the studies was MVA-BN,a replication-deficient smallpox vaccine.VEs against Mpox infection for one-and two-dose MVA-BN schedules were 52%to 78%and≥80%,respectively.VEs were similar for subcutaneous and intradermal injections,but were lower in immunocompromised populations,human immunodeficiency virus-positive populations,or cohabiting populations with sexual contact.The incidence of local AEs after MVA-BN vaccination was higher than of systemic AEs.The AE incidences were similar by dose number and were higher for intradermal injections than for subcutaneous injections.Serious AEs were rare.Conclusions MVA-BN vaccination was safe and effective,with greater effectiveness of a two-dose schedule compared with a one-dose schedule.There was no significant difference in VE by injection route.Subcutaneous injection was less reactogenic than intradermal injection.

关 键 词：猴痘 猴痘疫苗 复制缺陷型天花疫苗 有效性 安全性 真实世界 系统综述 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]