高端装备金属构件成形缺陷智能检测技术进展与展望  

Progress and Prospect of Intelligent Detection Technology for Metal Component Forming Defects of High-end Equipment

作　　者：周建新[1] 计效园[1] 侯明君 董淏 段浩哲 殷亚军[1] 沈旭[1] 李文[1] ZHOU Jianxin;JI Xiaoyuan;HOU Mingjun;DONG Hao;DUAN Haozhe;YIN Yajun;SHEN Xu;LI Wen(State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学材料成形与模具技术全国重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《前瞻科技》2025年第1期108-117,共10页Science and Technology Foresight

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52275337,52090042);国家重点研发计划(2020YFB1710100)。

摘　　要：材料成形作为一种关键的金属加工工艺,涵盖了铸造、焊接、锻造、增材、粉末冶金等多种形式,广泛应用于航空航天等国防重要领域。气孔、夹杂物、孔隙等是其主要内部缺陷,严重影响高端装备的性能和可靠性。近年来,随着软硬件不断发展,缺陷检测技术也取得了显著进展。文章在简要梳理当前缺陷检测技术现状基础上,分析了射线、超声、荧光等各种检测方法取得的主要技术突破与科学进展,探讨了未来金属构件智能检测的发展趋势与研究方向,并从标准体系构建、核心技术攻关、工艺流程再造、系统平台建设4个维度给出政策建议,以期为高端装备金属构件高可靠检测提供理论与技术支撑。Material forming,as a key metal processing technology,encompasses various forms such as casting,welding,forging,additive manufacturing,and powder metallurgy,and it is widely applied in important defence fields such as aerospace.Porosity,inclusions,and voids are the main internal defects,which seriously affect the performance and reliability of high-end equipment.In recent years,with the continuous development of software and hardware,defect detection technology has made significant progress.Based on a brief review of the current status of defect detection technology,this article analyzed the major technical breakthroughs and scientific advancements achieved by various detection methods such as radiography,ultrasound,and fluorescence,discussed the future development trends and research directions of intelligent detection for metal components,and provided policy recommendations from four dimensions:standard system construction,core technology breakthroughs,process flow reengineering,and system platform construction,with the aim of providing theoretical and technical support for high-reliability detection of metal components in high-end equipment.

关 键 词：金属构件 缺陷 检测 射线 超声 荧光 

分 类 号：TG115.28[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]