城市意象五要素的互联网认知与重现——以西安市为例  

Cognition and Representation of Image of the City Elements in Xi'an through Online Data

作　　者：许伟舜 郑淳远 许歆儿 李婉妮 王嘉琪 XU Weishun;ZHENG Chunyuan;XU Xiner;Li Wanni;WANG Jiaqi

机构地区：[1]浙江大学建筑工程学院 [2]浙江大学平衡建筑研究中心 [3]浙江大学建筑设计研究院有限公司

出　　处：《城市环境设计》2024年第6期278-284,共7页Urban Environment Design

基　　金：住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划项目“基于深度学习的长三角城市群山水城乡空间形态及其设计研究”(批准号:2022-K-004)。

摘　　要：结构性城市意象主要基于林奇城市意象理论中的五要素为框架构建认知地图,更偏重描述和解释一定区域内的城市意象总体结构,有助于加深人们对于城市空间形态的认知。传统方法受调研方式限制,难以高效识别城市整体的意象要素。本研究结合LBS数据、POI数据和ArcGIS平台算法,通过建立一种兼顾观测者视角和算法客观性的结构性城市意象提取方法,实现覆盖范围较大的城市热点区域定位和意象要素识别,进而形成五要素的空间分布认知地图,揭示城市意象总体结构特征。本文以西安为例,识别了西安主城区内“区域”“路径”“节点”“地标”“边界”五类城市意象要素,验证了该方法的有效性。该方法有助于从人本视角认知城市建成环境的意象形态及其结构性特征,可为后续的研究和实践提供方法参考,推动城市更新工作向更加人性化、精细化和高效化的方向发展。Structural city image constructs cognitive maps based on the five elements in Lynch's image of the city theory as a framework,and focuses more on describing and explaining the overall structure of urban cognition in a certain area.The knowledge helps framing people's understanding of urban spatial forms.Conventional research methods are limited by fieldwork accessibility and it is difficult to efficiently identify the key elements of the entire city.This study combines LBS data,POI data and ArcGIS platform algorithms to establish a structural city image extraction method that takes into account the observer's perspective and the objectivity of the algorithm,and achieves the positioning of urban hot spots with a large coverage area to outline the five key elements.This methodology thus accordingly generates spatial distribution patterns of the five elements for cognitive mapping and reveals the overall structural characteristics of the city image.Taking Xi'an as an example,this paper identifies five city image elements in the main urban area of Xi'an,namely"region","path","node","landmark"and"boundary",and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.This method helps to recognize cognitive patterns and structural characteristics of the urban built environment from a humanistic perspective,and can provide a methodological reference for subsequent research and practice,and promote urban renewal work to develop in a more humancentered,refined and efficient direction.

关 键 词：城市意象 结构性 五要素 认知地图 LBS数据 

分 类 号：TU984.1[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]