秦始皇时期的地域文化偏好及其成因:以宗教和礼俗为例的讨论  

Cultural Orientations in the Unification Process during the Reign of Qin Shi-Huang

作　　者：金方廷 Jin Fangting

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院文学研究所

出　　处：《东方学刊》2024年第4期76-86,125,126,共13页Dongfang Journal

摘　　要：秦朝力图开创一种“车同轨,书同文,行同伦”的统一帝国之制,但在统一进程中,秦始皇及其政府所表现出来的文化取向却耐人寻味。秦在构建帝国宗教祭祀体系及宇内统一伦理观念时,对于战国时代六国之宗教、文化观念的态度并不“匀齐”。秦帝国广泛吸收了中原地区尤其是齐鲁一带的文化观念,以此作为构建统一文化的基础;较为“轻视”一度以蛮夷自居的楚、越等地文化,甚至不惜以法制手段加以整饬;对统一六国之后新征服的领土,秦人之态度可谓等而下之。这种面向不同征服领土之间的有所参差的文化取向和偏好,亦是观察和分析秦统一政策的重要方面。While the Qin Dynasty sought to create a unified empire in which"vehicles travelled on the same tracks,books were written in the same language,and behaviors were in the same order",the cultural orientation of Qin Shi-Huang and his government during the process of unification is intriguing.Combined with the relevant records of religion and rituals in the transmitted documents,stele inscriptions and excavated materials,Qin's attitude towards the religious and cultural concepts of the six states was not"uniform"when the empire's religious and sacrificial system was constructed.The Qin Empire widely absorbed the cultural concepts of the central plains of China,and also those of the Qi and Lu region,as the basis for the construction of a unified culture;in contrast,Qin"despised"the cultures of Chu and Yue,which were once regarded as barbarians,and even went so far as to rectify them by the means of Qin legal system.On the other hand,to the newly conquered territories after the unification,the Qin's attitude was even more biased.Such a differentiated cultural orientation and preference towards different conquered territories is also an important aspect in observing and analyzing the Qin's unification policy.

关 键 词：秦朝 宗教 礼俗 地域文化 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]