夏志清“张爱玲论”修订考评——兼谈《中国现代小说史》方法论之失  

A Study on the Revision of C.T.Hsia's“On Eileen Chang”——On the Methodological Flaws of A History of Modern Chinese Fiction

作　　者：李锡龙[1] 高琦 Li Xilong;Gao Qi

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院

出　　处：《文学与文化》2025年第1期26-33,共8页Literature and Culture Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国报纸文艺副刊(1898-1949)文献的整理、研究及数据库建设”(项目编号:20&ZD285)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1957年夏志清在《文学杂志》初刊《张爱玲的短篇小说》和《评《秧歌》》,1961年两文整合为一章,收入耶鲁大学出版社出版的《中国现代小说史》,后被学界引称为“张爱玲论”。此文删除初刊的批评文字,对张爱玲从有所保留的肯定改为推崇备至的称赞。这一转变植根于夏志清对《中国现代小说史》整体架构的考虑,他借鉴李维斯品鉴杰作撰写文学史的方法,借张爱玲等作家彰显他的“小说观”,撑起中国现代文学“大传统”的框架。因此,删去批评文字旨在维护典范,确保《中国现代小说史》叙事结构的连贯与结论的权威。然而,基于个人主观好恶调整文学评价,难免令人质疑其《中国现代小说史》结论的客观性和可靠性。夏志清以带有鲜明个人色彩的文学批评构建文学史,虽彰显其独特的学术视野,却也不可避免地导致了《中国现代小说史》结论的偏颇。Two essays of C.T.Hsia's,“Eileen Chang's Short Stories”and“A Comment on Yangge”,were published in Literary Magazine in 1957,and integrated into one chapter of A History of Modern Chinese Fiction for the publication by Yale University Press in 1961,which is later referred to as“On Eileen Chang”in the academic circle.The unfavorable criticism to Eileen Chang in Literary Magazine was deleted in this chapter of A History of Modern Chinese Fiction,and changed the attitude to Eileen Chang from a reserved affirmation to the highest admiring compliment.This change originated from C.T.Hsia's consideration of the overall structure of A History of Modern Chinese Fiction.He intended to highlight his“view on novels”through Eileen Chang by borrowing Lewis's method of appreciating masterpieces and writing literary history to construct the framework of the“grander tradition”of modern Chinese literature.Therefore,the deletion was intended to preserve the model and to ensure the coherence of the narrative structure and the authoritative conclusion of A History of Modern Chinese Fiction.However,this personal subjective adjustment of literary evaluation inevitably leads people to question the objectivity of A History of Modern Chinese Fiction,which to a certain extent weakens the objectivity and reliability of its conclusion.C.T.Hsia built up the literary history with his distinctive literary criticism,and inevitably led A History of Modern Chinese Fiction to the biased conclusions while demonstrating his unique academic vision.

关 键 词：夏志清 “张爱玲论” 《中国现代小说史》 文学批评 文学史方法论 

分 类 号：I207.4[文学—中国文学] I207.42