皮萨列夫实用主义文学批评再议  

A Reexamination of Pisarev's Utilitarian Literary Criticism

作　　者：王志耕[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院

出　　处：《文学与文化》2025年第1期34-43,共10页Literature and Culture Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“俄国文学批评通史编撰”(23&ZD305)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：德·伊·皮萨列夫在俄国文学批评史上是一种特殊现象,他的批评思想源于别林斯基和车尔尼雪夫斯基的社会学诗学,但却在19世纪60年代特殊的社会环境下发展为一种实用主义。这种实用主义在俄苏批评史上往往被贬称为“皮萨列夫习气”,并被普列汉诺夫视为对车尔尼雪夫斯基文学思想的背叛。但实质上,皮萨列夫不过是以鲜明的实用主义对别林斯基和车尔尼雪夫斯基思想加以祛蔽,他并不一味地否定文学艺术,而是适应时代的需求,要求文学艺术承担起直接推动社会变革的历史使命。Dmitry Ivanovich Pisarev stands out uniquely in the history of Russian literary criticism.His critical thought evolved from the sociological poetics of V.Belinsky and G.Chernyshevsky,but developed into a form of utilitarianism amid the distinctive social milieu of the 1860s.Derogatorily referred to as"pisarevshchina"frequently in the history of Russian and Soviet criticism,this utilitarian approach is considered by Plekhanov as the betrayal of Chernyshevsky's literary ideals.Masking Belinsky and Chernyshevsky's ideas with utilitarianism rather than denying literary art blindly,Pisarev tried to adapt it to the contemporary demands to shoulder the historical mission of promoting the social development.

关 键 词：皮萨列夫 车尔尼雪夫斯基 皮萨列夫习气 实用主义 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]