紫柏真可文字禅的理论与实践及其对后世文学的影响  

Zibai Zhenke's Theories and Practice of Literal Zen and its Influence on the Later Literature

作　　者：屈丽蕊 高飞[2] Qu Lirui;Gao Fei

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学珠江学院人文学院 [2]天津体育学院体育教育学院

出　　处：《文学与文化》2025年第1期74-85,共12页Literature and Culture Studies

摘　　要：紫柏真可文字禅观念针对当时禅门流行的“口耳为心印,帕子为真传”的僵化禅风。他继承了北宋释惠洪的文字禅理论与实践,对“不立文字”“以心传心”的禅宗宗旨进行了辩证分析与演绎,提出“文字三味”“文字般若”等观念,丰富并完善了文字禅理论体系。紫柏真可留下大量著述,包括开示语、解经文、缘起、疏、序、记、文、题跋以及括古、佛赞、偶语、杂文,还有世俗的书信、五七言及歌行体诗歌,发起民间刊刻方册大藏经——《嘉兴藏》,是文字禅观念的自觉实践。紫柏真可的文字禅思想与其幼年成长历程、行脚诸方参禅游学和社会交往相关,独特的人生经历使他熟知晚明佛教现状,也使他具备了融合性相、贯通禅教的心胸与格局,其著述与文字禅观念对后世禅林与居士文人的创作都产生了深远影响。The literal Zen concepts of Zibai Zhenke has been put forward against the rigid Zen Style of“bearing in mind through mouth and ears,and authentic scriptures are handed down by Paz”,which was popular within the Zen circle at that time.Zibai Zhenke has inherited the literal Zen theory and practice of Shi Huihong in the Northern Song Dynasty,and has made some dialectical analysis and deduction of the Zen principles of“non word records”and“passing down from heart to heart”,and has put forward the concepts of“Literal Samadhi”and“Literal Prajna”,enriching and perfecting the theoretical system of the literal Zen.Zibai Zhenke has ever left a large number of works,including the Teaching Words,the Scripture Interpretation,the Inscriptions and the Annotations,the Buddha's Praise,and so on.At the same time,he has initiated the folk printing of the Buddhist Canon-Jiaxing Collection.His literal Zen thoughts have been related to his childhood growth,his travels to visiting the Buddhist temples and the social interactions.His unique life experience enabled him to get familiar with the very development situations of Buddhism in the late Ming Dynasty,and also made him have the mind and pattern of integrating nature and phase,and penetrating Zen and Buddhism.In a word,Zibai Zhenke's works and his literal Zen concepts have a profound influence on the later Zen fields and the creation of the lay Buddhist scholar.

关 键 词：紫柏真可 文字禅 文字般若 居士文人 文学影响 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]