存款保险对社会公众的银行体系信心的长短期影响  

Short-and Long-Term Benefits of Deposit Insurance on Public Confidence in the Banking System

作　　者：张伟[1,2] 封碧云 方盈赢 ZHANG Wei;FENG Biyun;FANG Yingying(Beijing Technology and Business University)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学经济学院 [2]北京工商大学区域金融工程研究中心

出　　处：《金融市场研究》2025年第4期129-139,共11页Financial Market Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“金融分权视角下地方债务对地方性商业银行的风险外溢效应研究”(19CJY062)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文以36家上市银行为样本,选取存款保险基金管理有限责任公司设立及包商银行被监管部门接管、包商银行进入破产程序和存款保险参保金融机构统一使用存款保险标识三个代表性事件,以银行股票收益率衡量社会公众对银行的信心,运用事件研究法分析相关事件对公众信心的超短期影响;并基于32家上市银行2010—2023年的面板数据,以银行存款余额衡量存款人对银行体系的信心,采用固定效应模型分析存款保险制度对公众信心的长期影响。从短期来看,银行破产事件会对公众的市场信心产生短暂负向冲击,但在此类事件中,存款保险制度会提升小型银行的信用度,从而稳定公众对小型银行安全的预期。从长期来看,存款保险制度的实施会促进商业银行存款业务的开展,尤其是对于个人存款业务的增加效果显著,证明存款保险制度的金融稳定效应和存款人保护的作用有助于提升社会公众对银行体系的信心。最后,文章建议进一步从风险预警、早期纠正、危机处理和市场退出等基础性安排上完善存款保险制度,并持续系统开展存款保险公众认知宣教活动,以更好地引导公众预期,增强社会公众对存款保险制度和银行体系的信心。This paper takes 36 listed banks as samples and uses the abnormal return rate of their stocks to measure public confidence in the banking system.It selects three casesthe establishment of the Deposit Insurance Fund Management Co.,Ltd.,the takeover of Baoshang Bank by regulatory authorities and the bank's eventual bankruptcy proceedings,as well as the unified use of deposit insurance logos by insured financial institutions—to examine the short-term impact of deposit insurance on public confidence in the banking system.The paper also uses the fixedeffect model to analyze the long-term impact of the implementation of a deposit insurance system.The results show that the overall short-term impact of bankruptcy events on bank stock abnormal return rate is negative.However,in such cases,the deposit insurance system enhances the credibility of small banks and stabilizes public confidence in them.In the long run,the implementation of the deposit insurance system promotes the development of the deposit business of commercial banks,significantly encouraging the growth of individual deposits.This clearly demonstrates the boost to financial stability from the protection of deposits.Lastly,the article makes suggestions on improving the deposit insurance system through an early warning and early correction system,as well as crisis management and market exit.It also suggests sustaining systematic public awareness campaigns related to deposit insurance,so as to better guide public expectations and enhance confidence in deposit insurance and the banking system itself.

关 键 词：存款保险 公众信心 银行体系 事件研究法 

分 类 号：F832.2[经济管理—金融学]