本专科毕业生的专业兴趣匹配能促进就业匹配吗?——基于专业、学历、能力三维就业匹配的实证分析  

Can Junior and Regular College Graduates'Interest-Major Congruence Promote Job Matching?An Empirical Study Based on the Three Dimensional Job Matching of Major,Education and Ability

作　　者：冯沁雪 岳昌君[2] Feng Qinxue;Yue Changjun(Institute of Education,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Institute of Economics of Education/Graduate School of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学教育研究院,南京210023 [2]北京大学教育经济研究所/教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2025年第5期96-114,共19页Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“高校毕业生高质量就业的评价与对策研究”(22JJD880038)。

摘　　要：随着高质量发展阶段下人口、经济、劳动力市场结构的变化,结构性就业矛盾成为就业领域的主要矛盾。本研究基于2021年“全国高校毕业生就业状况调查”数据,分析本专科毕业生的专业兴趣匹配程度对就业匹配的影响,考察学习成绩、能力增值、对工作专业对口的重视程度的中介作用,并分学历和专业进行异质性分析。研究发现,专业兴趣匹配能促进单位就业的本专科毕业生的专业匹配和学历匹配,并能提高能力使其达到甚至超过工作需求。学习成绩在专业兴趣匹配程度对专业匹配和能力匹配的影响中发挥了部分中介效应,能力增值在对学历匹配和能力匹配的影响中发挥了部分中介效应,专业对口重要性在对专业匹配、学历匹配和能力匹配的影响中发挥了部分中介效应。专业兴趣匹配有助于改善人文社科类专业毕业生的专业匹配和学历匹配,更能促进专科生的能力匹配。本研究从专业、兴趣、职业三者匹配视角为提高高校毕业生的就业匹配度、缓解结构性就业矛盾提供了新的启示,对指导学生的高考志愿填报和专业选择也具有重要现实意义。With the changes in structure of population,economy,and labor market in the stage of high-quality development,structural employment contradictions have become the main contradiction in the employment field.Based on the data from the 2021 Chinese College Graduates Employment Survey,this study examines the impact of junior and regular college graduates’interest–major congruence on job matching,analyzes the mediating role of aca-demic performance,value-added ability,and emphasis on major-job matching,and conducts heterogeneity analysis by education level and major.It found that interest-major congruence can promote major matching and education matching of junior and regular college graduates in formal employment,and improve their abilities to meet or even exceed job requirements.Academic performance plays a partial mediating effect in the impact of interest-major con-gruence on major matching and ability matching.Value-added ability plays a partial mediating effect in the impact on education matching and ability matching.The emphasis on major-job matching plays a partial mediating effect in the impact on major matching,education matching and ability matching.Interest-major congruence can help im-prove the efficacy of major matching and education matching of graduates in humanities and social sciences majors,and promote ability matching of junior college graduates.This study provides new insights from the perspective of matching major,interest,and vocation to improve the job matching of college graduates and alleviate structural em-ployment contradictions.It also has important practical significance for guiding students in filling out college en-trance examination preferences and choosing majors.

关 键 词：专业兴趣匹配 就业匹配 高校毕业生 专业选择 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]