不同油梨品系果实品质特征分析和比较  

Analysis and Comparison of Fruit Quality Characteristics of Different Avocado Strains

作　　者：蒙真铖 杨添雁 张建春 祁家柱 岳建伟 邓成菊 MENG Zhencheng;YANG Tianyan;ZHANG Jianchun;QI Jiazhu;YUE Jianwei;DENG Chengju(Honghe Tropical Agricultural Institute of Yunnan,Hekou,Yunnan 661300,China;Pu'er Green Silver Biological Co.,Ltd.,Menglian,Yunnan 665800,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省红河热带农业科学研究所,云南河口661300 [2]普洱绿银生物股份有限公司,云南孟连665800

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2025年第3期8-15,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：重大科技专项计划(No.202202AE090016-13)。

摘　　要：为摸索一套适合油梨果实品质精准评价的方法,以云南省红河热带农业科学研究所油梨种质资源圃内的12个油梨品种(系)为研究对象,分别测定其单果重、可食率、可溶性糖、灰分、粗蛋白、全铜、全锌等24项重要果实品质性状,并进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)不同油梨品系的果实品质性状存在差异,变异系数在6.9%59.1%。(2)前7个主成分的累积贡献率达到93.02%。(3)不同品种(系)排名为福尔特>I-19-1>II-13-5>I-11-2>I-12-2>I-19-3>I-16-2>II-16-6>II-15-7>桂研十号>II-16-4>II-8-1。(4)聚类分析中,在欧氏距离为5.0时,将12个品系聚为3大类,第1类为I-19-1,该品系单果重约601 g,属于大型果;第2类为II-16-6、桂研十号、I-16-2、I-12-2、I-19-3、II-15-7、I-11-2、II-8-1,该类群单果重约396~538 g,属于中型果;第3类为福尔特、II-6-4、II-13-5,单果重较,约246~279 g,属于小型果。(5)主成分分析和聚类分析结果基本一致,福尔特、I-19-1、II-13-5的果实品质相对较优。研究结果揭示了12个油梨品种(系)果实品质的差异,建立了一套适合油梨果实品质评价的方法,为油梨种质资源精准评价和新品种选育等提供理论支撑。To explore a method suitable for accurate evaluation of avocado fruit quality,24 important fruit quality traits,such as single-fruit weight,edible rate,soluble sugar,ash,crude protein,total copper,and total zinc,were determined in 12 avocado varieties(lines)from the avocado germplasm resource nursery of the Honghe Tropical Agricultural Institute of Yunnan,and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted.The results revealed that:(1)there were differences in fruit quality traits among the different strains,and the coefficient of variation ranged from 6.9%to 59.1%.(2)principal component analysis revealed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first seven principal components reached 93.02%.(3)different varieties/lines were ranked as Fuerte>I-19-1>II-13-5>I-11-2>I-12-2>I-19-3>I-16-2>II-16-6>II-15-7>Guiyan10>II-16-4>II-8-1.(4)In the cluster analysis,12 strains were grouped into three categories when the Euclidean distance was 5.0.Class 1 included I-19-1,which was a large fruit with a single fruit weight of 601 g.The second group contained II-16-6,Guiyan10,I-16-2,I-12-2,I-19-3,II-15-7,I-11-2,and II-8-1.The range of single fruit weights of the avocado accessions in this group was approximately 396~538 g,and they were considered medium fruit.The third class comprises Fuerte,II-6-4,and II-13-5,which are small fruits with single-fruit weights ranging from 246 to 279 g.(5)The results of the principal component analysis and cluster analysis were basically consistent,and the fruits of Fuerte,I-19-1,and II-13-5 presented relatively better quality.The results revealed the differences in the fruit quality of 12 varieties(lines)of avocado and established a set of suitable methods for evaluating the fruit quality of avocado,which provides theoretical support for accurate germplasm resource evaluation and new variety breeding.

关 键 词：油梨 品质性状 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]