植物嫩叶气味成分对海南长臂猿食物选择的影响分析  

Influence of Odor Components of Young Leaves on the Food Selection of Nomascus hainanus

作　　者：武华周 皇晶晶[2] 娄德钊 耿涛 林培群 王树昌[1] WU Huazhou;HUANG Jingjing;LOU Dezhao;GENG Tao;LIN Peiqun;WANG Shuchang(Institute of Environment and Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101 [2]海南大学,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2025年第3期86-93,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：“海南长臂猿活动周边人工生态系统恢复重建技术研究”(No.KY-21ZK07)。

摘　　要：海南长臂猿(Nomascus hainanus)为重点保护的濒危动物之一,野外监测以及相关资料表明,该物种取食红椎(Castanopsis hystrix)、黄叶树(Xanthophyllum hainanense)、枫香(Liquidambar formosana),不取食五列木(Pentaphylaxeuryoides)。为探究植物气味对海南长臂猿选择植物嫩叶为食物的影响,通过比较这4种不同植物嫩叶气味成分差异,使用顶空固相微萃取法(SPME)、气谱—质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析方法,对枫香、红椎、黄叶树、五列木4种植物的嫩叶进行气味分析。结果显示:五列木中苯乙烯相对含量最高且独有,其值达37.05%;红椎和黄叶树的成分相似性较大,共有成分中蒎烯、芳樟醇、叶醇、4-萜烯醇、3-戊酮、乙酸己酯是水果的特有香气物质。枫香和红椎以及黄叶树的成分也较为相似,成分较高的5种成分中除桧烯外,其余4种(左旋-β-蒎烯、萜品烯、叶醇、乙酸反式-2-己烯酯)是水果的特征香气成分。根据以上结果,推测植物嫩叶所具有的挥发性气味对海南长臂猿选择叶类食物有一定影响。Nomascus hainanus is a critically endangered primate species under special protection.Long-term field monitoring and relevant data show that this species feeds on the tender leaves of Castanopsis hystrix and Xanthophyllum hainanense pre-fers Liquidambar formosana,and does not eat Pentaphylax euryoides.To explore the influence of plant odor on the feeding of N.hainanus,this study compared the differences in the odor components of four different plants and used headspace solid phase micro-extraction(SPME)and gas spectroscopy-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis methods.The odors of the young leaves of L.formosana,C.hystrix,X.Hainanense,and P.euryoides were analyzed.The results are as follows:The relative content of styrene in P.euryoides was the highest and unique,and its value reached 37.05%.The components of C.hystrix and X.hainanense are very similar,and the regular components are pinene,linalool,leaf alcohol,4-terpenol,3-pentanone,hexyl acetate,and 3-pentanone,the unique aroma substances of fruits.The components of C.hystrix,X.Hainanense,and L.formosana were similar.Among the five components with relatively high content,except sabinene,and the remaining four(L-β-pinene,terpene,leaf alcohol,and trans-2-hexene acetate)are characteristic aroma components of fruits.P.euryoides was rarely similar to L.formosana,C.Hystrix,and X.hainanense.The above results reveal that the smell has a certain effect on the selection of leaf foods in N.hainanus.

关 键 词：海南长臂猿 取食习性 植物气味 红椎 黄叶树 枫香 五列木 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]