微塑料迁移及其复合污染对土壤生态系统的影响研究进展  

Review on the transport behavior of microplastics and ecological effects of microplastics and its combined pollutant in soil

作　　者：刘勇 马杰 冯冰聪 张潇雨 孙艺璇 翁莉萍 陈雅丽 李永涛[4] LIU Yong;MA Jie;FENG Bingcong;ZHANG Xiaoyu;SUN Yixuan;WENG Liping;CHEN Yali;LI Yongtao(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety,Tianjin 300191,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384,China;College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所/农业农村部农产品质量安全环境因子控制重点实验室,天津300191 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院,天津300384 [4]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2025年第3期537-553,共17页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42377409);天津自然科学基金面上项目(23JCYBJC00310);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目。

摘　　要：本文以微塑料污染现状-迁移行为-与其他污染物相互作用-生态效应为主线,总结了国内外关于土壤微塑料污染来源、分类等研究进展,并针对土壤微塑料迁移途径及机制研究进行了归纳分析。在此基础上,系统总结了微塑料与其他环境污染物的相互作用机理,详述了其可能带来的生态风险。文章指出:农业源是土壤微塑料的最主要来源,我国不同省份微塑料丰度存在较大差异;土壤理化性质、农业生产活动、自然气候条件、土壤生物活动、微塑料自身性质、土壤环境条件和土壤要素均可影响微塑料在土壤中的迁移行为,并且静电相互作用是影响土壤微塑料迁移的最主要作用力。此外,在环境中迁移的微塑料易于通过范德华相互作用、静电作用和表面络合等作用与土壤中其他污染物形成复合污染,土壤环境微塑料及其复合污染会不可避免地接触到各种土壤生物群,从而影响土壤微生物的群落结构和代谢,并影响土壤动物和植物的生长发育。The article summarizes the research progress on the sources and classification of soil microplastic pollution,focusing on the transport path of microplastics and their mechanisms.On the above basis,it systematically summarizes the interaction mechanism between microplastics and other environmental pollutants and describes the potential ecological risks.The article points out that agricultural sources are the primary sources of soil microplastics,and there are significant differences in the microplastic abundance in different provinces in China.Soil physical and chemical properties,agricultural production activities,natural climate conditions,soil biological activities,microplastic properties,soil environmental conditions,and soil constitutions can affect the transport behavior of microplastics,and electrostatic interactions are the most vital force which affects their transport.In addition,microplastics are prone to causing complex pollution with other pollutants in the soil through van der Waals interactions,electrostatic interactions,and surface complexation during transport.Microplastics and their compound pollution can inevitably come into contact with various soil biological groups,thus affecting the community structure and metabolism of soil microorganisms,as well as the growth of soil animals and plants.

关 键 词：土壤 微塑料 环境行为 迁移 生态效应 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X53