塑料废弃物定向转化为高值化学品研究进展  

Research progress on targeted conversion of waste plastic to high-value chemicals

作　　者：杜祥瑞 丁恒 高彦征[2] DU Xiangrui;DING Heng;GAO Yanzheng(College of Public Administration,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院,南京210095 [2]南京农业大学土壤有机污染控制与修复研究所,南京210095

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2025年第3期641-653,共13页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0110800,2023YFC3708100);国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20590,42430703)。

摘　　要：近年来,全球塑料产量持续增长,然而,大量塑料废弃物散落在环境中,不仅严重威胁生态安全,也导致了资源的巨大浪费。采用化学回收方法将塑料废弃物转化为油品,是实现低值资源高值化利用的关键途径之一。然而,随着“双碳”目标的提出以及我国能源消费结构逐步向清洁低碳方向转型,“降油增化”已经成为炼油产业结构调整的核心方向。因此,将塑料废弃物转化为高附加值化学品,既践行了“变废为宝”的废物处理理念,又助力了“双碳”目标。本文总结了热裂解、催化裂解、溶剂解聚法、电化学、光催化和生物转化等塑料废弃物新型高值化利用技术及其特征,并介绍了利用这些技术通过裂解与聚合、催化转化及生物转化等方式,将高分子塑料制品解聚与重组生成低碳烯烃、芳香烃、酸类、醇类、醛类及塑料单体等高值化学品的最新研究进展,转化路径主要有“塑料废弃物-单体、低聚物等中间体-高值化学品”和“塑料废弃物-高值化学品”。最后,本文展望了该领域未来发展方向。In recent years,global plastic production has continued to increase,yet a large amount of plastic waste is scattered in the environment,which not only seriously threatens ecological safety but also leads to a huge waste of resources.Converting plastic waste into oil products through chemical recycling offers an important pathway for achieving the high-value conversion and utilization of low-value resources.However,with the onset of the"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals"era and the shift in China′s oil refining consumption structure toward cleaner,low-carbon alternatives,the transition from oil to chemicals has become a key focus in the restructuring of the energy industry.Therefore,converting waste plastics into high-value chemicals not only aligns with the"waste-to-treasure"waste management strategy but also supports the achievement of the"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals".Here,we summarized the technologies for the high-value utilization of plastic waste,including new methods such as thermal pyrolysis,catalytic cracking,solvent depolymerization,electrochemical processes,photocatalysis,and biotransformation.Subsequently,we focused on the research progress in using these technologies to depolymerize and recombine polymer plastic products,generating high-value chemicals(such as low-carbon olefins,aromatic hydrocarbons,acids,alcohols,aldehydes,and plastic monomers)through cracking and polymerization,catalytic conversion,and bioconversion.The transformation pathways mainly include"plastic waste–monomers,oligomers,and other intermediates–high value chemicals"and"plastic waste–high value chemicals".Finally,some issues about the future research in this field were addressed.

关 键 词：塑料废弃物 高值化学品 低碳烯烃 芳香烃 塑料单体 升级再造 低碳减排 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]