镇江通济河中拟除虫菊酯的污染调查及生态风险评估  

Pollution investigation and ecological risk assessment of pyrethroid insecticides in Tongji River from Zhenjiang

作　　者：张沁文 陈相宇 梁逸辉 陈瑶 王春柳 吴向阳 ZHANG Qinwen;CHEN Xiangyu;LIANG Yihui;CHEN Yao;WANG Chunliu;WU Xiangyang(School of Environmental and Safety Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212000 China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学环境与安全工程学院,江苏镇江212000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2025年第3期759-768,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

摘　　要：为研究镇江市入太湖河流之一的通济河河流中拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的污染现状及生态风险,本研究于2023年6月和12月分别采集通济河及沿线水体水样,根据环境标准(HJ 753—2015)测定水样中的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,并进行时空分布特征分析和生态风险评估。结果表明:2个采样期的水体中共检出7种拟除虫菊酯类农药。其中,丰水期检出5种拟除虫菊酯,分别为高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯,总检出量为ND~0.405μg·L^(-1);枯水期检出7种拟除虫菊酯类农药,分别是高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和甲氰菊酯,总检出量为ND~0.475μg·L^(-1)。时空分布特征显示,农田和住宅集中区域的水体中拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的检出率较高,且枯水期的检出率高于丰水期。生态风险评估结果表明,拟除虫菊酯在枯水期和丰水期对甲壳类、鱼类和藻类均具有潜在的生态风险,且对甲壳类动物和鱼类的生态风险高于藻类;另外,高效氯氰菊酯对藻类、大水蚤和鱼类也表现出较高的生态风险。研究表明,拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂在通济河及其支流的分布呈现明显的时间和空间特征,且该类农药的残留对水生生物存在一定的生态风险。In order to explore the current pollution status and ecological risk of pyrethroid insecticides in Tongji River,one of the rivers entering Taihu Lake in Zhenjiang City,this study collected water samples from Tongji River and its tributaries in June and December 2023.The pyrethroid insecticides in the water samples were determined according to the HJ 753—2015,and the analysis of the characteristics of the spatial and temporal distributions and the assessment of the ecological risks were also carried out.The results showed that 7 pyrethroid pesticides were detected in the water bodies during the 2 sampling periods.To be specific,5 pyrethroids were detected in the wet season,namely fenvalerate,beta-cypermethrin,deltamethrin,lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin,with the total amount of detected pesticides ranging from ND to 0.405μg·L^(-1).7 pyrethroids were detected in the dry season,respectively permethrin,beta-cypermethrin,fenvalerate,deltamethrin,lambda-cyhalothrin,fenpropathrin and bifenthrin,with the total amount of detected pesticides ranging from ND to 0.475μg·L^(-1).The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics showed that the detection rate of pyrethroid insecticides was higher in water bodies in agricultural and residential concentration areas,and the detection rate in the dry season was higher than that in the wet season.The ecological risk assessment showed that pyrethroids pose a potential ecological risk to crustaceans,fish and algae in both dry and abundant water,and that the ecological risk to crustaceans and fish is much higher than that to algae.Among them,beta-cypermethrin plays an important role in the ecological risk of algae,Daphnia magna and fish.The study showed that the distribution of pyrethroid pesticides in the Tongji River and its tributaries showed obvious temporal and spatial characteristics,and the residues of these pesticides posed a certain ecological risk to aquatic organisms.

关 键 词：太湖 通济河 地表水 拟除虫菊酯类 杀虫剂 生态风险评估 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826