金沙江流域水电移民聚落的“地方-适应”研究:以鲁地拉水电站为例  

“Locality-Adaptation”Research of Hydropower Resettlement Communities in the Jinsha River Basin:A Case Study of Ludila Hydropower Station

作　　者：汪芳[1,2] 李卓起 徐浩义 闫甲祺 WANG Fang;LI Zhuoqi;XU Haoyi;YAN Jiaqi(the College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture,Peking University;the River Basin Habitats Research Center,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学建筑与景观设计学院 [2]北京大学流域人居系统研究中心

出　　处：《风景园林》2025年第4期12-20,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“宜居城乡地方性景观生态规划理论及方法”(编号52130804)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对金沙江流域水电开发引发的人水关系重构与地方性网络割裂问题,通过评估金沙江流域水利水电工程对流域人水关系的影响,特别是水电开发性移民在环境变化下的适应性挑战,为移民聚落的可持续发展提供策略支持。【方法】以金沙江鲁地拉水电移民聚落为研究对象,构建流域视角下的水利水电移民聚落“地方-适应”保护框架,利用多源数据和随机森林技术,分析水电移民聚落在迁移前后“生活-生产-文化”空间的发展变化,探讨水电移民聚落人居环境“地方-适应”性。【结果】1)水电站水库上下游共淹没37.12 km2的土地,其中包括21.61 km2的金沙江沿岸优质耕地;2)65.8%的原址民居为传统土木结构瓦顶建筑,移民安置点民居48.7%为统一规划的平屋顶建筑,51.3%为加建或改造;3)涛源龙王庙通过持续祭祀活动实现100%原址功能保留,大龙潭水库供水系统完成90%淹没灌区功能替代,实现了水利工程建设与传统祭祀空间保留的协同运作。【结论】水电移民聚落通过地方性要素的适应性重构,在“生产-生活-文化”维度形成系统性响应机制。生活空间以自主营建实践转译地域气候适应性,在统一规划建设中延续空间符号;生产空间融合传统耕作智慧与现代补偿机制,通过作物结构优化重塑生计体系;文化空间通过仪式空间的功能转化与水文化符号的创造性传承,维系流域聚落的地方认同。通过分析移民群体地方性知识的适应性重构,在流域尺度构建协同路径,为剧变环境下人水关系的可持续发展提供了实践范式。[Objective]Within human-environment systems,river basins constitute the earliest geographical units of human activity and currently represent the most critical zones of strained human-environment interactions.Facing the prominent and complex contradictions in basin-scale human-environment relationships,the evolution and coupling mechanisms of human-water dynamics have emerged as pivotal research issue.With technological advancements,early humans continuously shaped the earth’s surface through hydraulic facilities such as canals,dams,and embankments,directly intervening in human-water relationships.Since the modern era,large-scale hydraulic and hydropower projects have significantly enhanced the capacity of basin settlements to utilize water resources and hydropower,strengthened resilience against water-related disasters,generated extensive socio-economic and ecological benefits,and altered the productive-ecological coupling relationships of settlements.In this process,the uniqueness of hydropower resettlement lies in the radical restructuring of human-water relationships-transformations that not only reconfigure physical spaces but also fragment basin-rooted local knowledge networks.This research evaluates the compound impacts of hydraulic and hydropower projects on basin-scale human-environment systems,focusing on the adaptive challenges faced by hydropower resettlers under abrupt environmental changes.By constructing a“locality-adaptation”conservation framework,the research reveals how resettlers rebalance local elements through adaptive strategies such as selective preservation,innovative transformation,and memory-driven reconstruction in newly constructed environments.[Methods]As a typical scenario of abrupt changes in social-ecological systems,the environmental shocks experienced by relocated settlements provide a natural experimental setting for studying human habitat adaptability.This research takes the resettlement communities of the Ludila Hydropower Station along the Jinsha River as the research o

关 键 词：流域人居 水电移民聚落 人水适应域 金沙江流域 Mask R-CNN 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] D632.4[政治法律—政治学] TV61[政治法律—中外政治制度]