无定河流域人居生态安全格局构建及优化策略  

Strategies for Construction and Optimization of the Ecological Security Pattern for Human Settlements in the Wuding River Basin

作　　者：王晓萌 党安荣[2] 佟彪[3] 刘馨忆 WANG Xiaomeng;DANG Anrong;TONG Biao;LIU Xinyi(the Institute of Urban and Rural Planning,China Academy of Building Research;the School of Architecture,Tsinghua University;Liaoning Provincial College of Communications;the Institute of Culture and Tourism Planning,China Academy of Urban Planning&Design)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑科学研究院城乡规划院 [2]清华大学建筑学院 [3]辽宁省交通高等专科学校 [4]中国城市规划设计研究院文化与旅游规划研究所

出　　处：《风景园林》2025年第4期31-39,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“宜居城乡地方性景观生态规划理论及方法”(编号52130804)。

摘　　要：【目的】无定河作为黄河中游的重要支流,流域面临生态环境破碎化问题,构建流域人居生态安全格局并提出优化策略,可协调生态保护与人类活动空间冲突,优化无定河流域国土空间结构。【方法】结合生态服务功能重要性评价与形态学空间格局分析法识别生态源地,并运用电路理论模型模拟生态廊道、构建生态网络,通过生态夹点与障碍点识别诊断人居生态格局,形成系统性技术路径。【结果】共识别出32块生态源地,总面积为9533 km2,呈东北部连续集聚、西南部块状延伸形态;确定82条生态廊道,总长度为1044.8 km;并识别出31处生态夹点和49处生态障碍点,共同构成无定河流域的人居生态安全格局。基于此提出“点-线-面”多尺度协同优化策略:点层级实施靶向修复,稳固流域生态基底;线层级联通廊道系统,串联流域生态系统;面层级分区分类调控,差异化修复流域人居环境。最终构建“以点固基、以线串脉、以面织网”的三层级修复格局。【结论】“要素识别-网络构建-空间优化”多层级的研究思路界定了无定河流域人居生态修复的关键区域,解决了传统修复靶向性不足的难题,为无定河流域国土空间规划提供方法创新与科学依据。[Objective]The Wuding River is a key tributary of the middle reaches of the Yellow River,and the Wuding River Basin has undergone rapid urban and township expansion since 1998,leading to increased fragmentation of its human settlement ecosystem.Over the past two decades,growing ecological concerns in the Yellow River Basin have driven extensive restoration efforts in the Wuding River Basin.While large-scale interventions have achieved notable results,sustaining these improvements remains a challenge.Given the basin’s fragile ecological environment,many existing projects fail to generate lasting cumulative effects,limiting their long-term impact.This research aims to develop an ecological security pattern for human settlements in the Wuding River Basin,while identifying critical ecological resources,corridors,and key restoration nodes essential for biodiversity conservation.To overcome the limitations of conventional restoration approaches,the research proposes a hierarchical and targeted ecological restoration strategy tailored to the basin’s unique environmental conditions.The goal is to balance urban development with ecological protection,thereby optimizing the security and resilience of human settlement ecosystems.[Methods]This research follows a structured approach based on the formulation of strategy for construction and optimization of ecological security pattern.The ecological security pattern is developed in three key steps.First,the research identifies ecological source areas through a comprehensive assessment of four core ecosystem functions—water conservation,soil and water retention,windbreak and sand fixation,and biodiversity maintenance.The Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA)model is adopted to refine ecological source selection by incorporating landscape connectivity and spatial distribution characteristics.Based on this,the research maps ecological corridors and barriers by establishing a resistance evaluation system with 11 resistance factors and applying circuit theory to identify

关 键 词：生态安全格局 无定河流域 生态系统服务功能 形态学空间格局分析 电路理论 

分 类 号：TU982[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]