2018—2023年深圳市宝安区病媒生物监测分析  

Analysis of vectors surveillance in Bao'an District,Shenzhen from 2018 to 2023

作　　者：王猛 黄坤昌 黄振宇[1] 李苑[1] 朱奕[1] WANG Meng;HUANG Kunchang;HUANG Zhenyu;LI Yuan;ZHU Yi(Bao'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518101,China;Fuyong People's Hospital of Bao'an District,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518103,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市宝安区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518101 [2]深圳市宝安区福永人民医院,广东深圳518103

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2025年第2期171-175,共5页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

摘　　要：目的了解深圳市宝安区2018—2023年主要病媒生物的种群构成、密度、分布以及季节消长规律。方法依据《全国病媒生物监测方案》《深圳市病媒生物监测实施方案》设置监测点,分别采用鼠笼法、诱蚊灯法、笼诱法、粘捕法调查鼠、蚊、蝇、蜚蠊的种类和密度。结果2018—2023年宝安区蚊密度分别为2.39、3.28、2.89、2.86、2.32、3.26只/(灯·h),学校/工业区蚊密度最高,致倦库蚊占捕获总数的98.46%,第一高峰期为4—5月,第二小高峰期为11月,不同年份蚊种构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=45.313,P<0.001);蝇密度分别为1.25、0.60、0.36、0.44、0.35、0.42只/笼,家蝇密度达0.78只/笼,占捕获总数的93.15%,农贸市场蝇密度最高,达1.04只/笼;鼠密度分别为2.05%、2.80%、2.92%、2.27%、1.75%和1.54%,褐家鼠占比99.68%,全年均有鼠类活动;蜚蠊密度分别为1.98、2.06、2.02、1.44、1.55、1.60只/张,不同年份蜚蠊总密度差异有统计学意义(F=5.863,P<0.001),德国小蠊占捕获总数的99.56%,农贸市场的蜚蠊密度、侵害率均为最高(分别为2.67只/张、34.21%)。结论2018—2023年宝安区主要病媒生物密度均处于较低水平,对病媒生物控制比较有效,但致倦库蚊、家蝇、褐家鼠、德国小蠊仍为辖区绝对优势种,相关虫媒疾病的风险较大。Objective To understand the population composition,density,distribution and seasonal fluctuation of major vectors in Bao'an District,Shenzhen from 2018 to 2023.Methods According to the National Vector Biological Monitoring Programme and Shenzhen Vector Biological Monitoring Implementation Programme,monitoring sites were set up to investigate the species and densities of rodents,mosquitoes,flies and cockroaches using the cage trapping method,mosquito trapping lamp method,cage trapping method and sticky trapping method,respectively.Results From 2018 to 2023,the densities of mosquito were 2.39,3.28,2.89,2.86,2.32 and 3.26 mosquitoes/(lamp·h),with the highest in schools/industrial zones,and Culex pipiensquinquefasciatus accounted for 98.46% of the total number of captures,with the first peak in April-May and the sub-peak in November,and there was a statistical difference in mosquito species composition ratios between years(χ^(2)=45.313,P<0.001).The densities of fly were 1.25,0.60,0.36,0.44,0.35 and 0.42 flies/cage,respectively,the density of Musca domestica reached 0.78 flies/cage,accounting for 93.15%of the total number of captures,with the highest density of 1.04 flies/cage in the farmers'market.The densities of rodent were 2.05%,2.80%,2.92%,2.27%,1.75% and 1.54%,respectively,with Rattus norvegicu s accounting for 99.68%of the total number of captures,and rodent activity was observed throughout the year.The densities of cockroach were 1.98,2.06,2.02,1.44,1.55 and 1.60 cockroaches per sheet,with a statistical difference in total cockroach density between years(F=5.863,P<0.001).Blattella germanica accounted for 99.56%of the total number of captures,and the highest density and infestation rate of cockroach(2.67 cockroaches per sheet,34.21%,respectively)were in the farmers'market.Conclusion The densities of all major vectors in Bao'an District were at a low level from 2018 to 2023,and the control of vectors was effective.Cx.Pipiensquinquefasciatus,M.domestica,R.norvegicus,and B.germanica are absolute dominant species

关 键 词：病媒生物 种群构成 密度 季节消长 监测 

分 类 号：R384[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]