重庆玉米洞遗址石器的技术模式及人类的适应行为  

Lithic technology models and human adaptation behaviors of the Yumidong site in Chongqing

作　　者：贺存定 吕兰希 HE Cunding;LYU Lanxi(China-Central Asia“the Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research,Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation,School of Culture Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127)

机构地区：[1]中国-中亚人类与环境“一带一路”联合实验室,文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室,西北大学文化遗产学院,西安710127

出　　处：《人类学学报》2025年第2期210-219,共10页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(17BKG010)。

摘　　要：石器技术模式的形成与演变受制于多重因素的影响。长期以来,史前考古学界更倾向于用演化考古学的视角来解释文化或石器工业的区域变异,而忽视行为生态学视角在旧石器考古学,尤其是中国南方地区石器工业研究中的作用。本文结合主客观因素分析,采用两种不同的理论对玉米洞遗址石器技术模式与人类行为的成因进行系统性的解释。从演化考古学来讲,玉米洞石器工业作为中国南方砾石石器主工业体系下的区域变体,可归属为技术模式1的范畴;从行为生态学来讲,这是三峡地区一种本土起源的独特石器技术模式,可视为一种新的石器工业或文化体系。玉米洞遗址石器工业的成因以原料环境、功能需求等被动适应的客观限制因素占主导,而技术创新、文化传承等主动选择的主观能动因素作用有限,两种因素的相互影响和共同作用形成了这种独特的石器技术和工业面貌,强化了中国远古本土文化的连续性与特殊性以及人类生存行为的区域性与多样性。Paleolithic archaeological research has predominantly centered on the evolution of lithic technology and the transformation of ancient human subsistence patterns.Scholars worldwide have deliberately correlated the stages of lithic technology evolution with those of human evolution.The formation and evolution of lithic technology models are influenced by multiple factors.For an extended period,the prehistoric archaeology community has inclined to employ the perspective of Evolutionary Archaeology to account for the regional variation of culture or lithic industries.However,the role of the Behavioral Ecology perspective in Paleolithic archaeology,particularly in explaining the lithic industries in southern China,has been overlooked.In this paper,under two distinct theoretical frameworks,and by integrating subjective and objective factor analyses,the lithic technology model at the Yumidong Site and the causes of human behavior are systematically elucidated.From the perspective of Evolutionary Archaeology,the lithic industry at the Yumidong site,as a regional variant of the main gravel lithic industrial system in southern China,can still be tentatively classified as Lithic Technical Model 1.From a behavioral ecology perspective,the technological landscape of stone products at the Yumidong site is regionally distinctive,differing from the conventional technological patterns hitherto observed.It represents a unique indigenous lithic technological pattern in the Three Gorges region and can be regarded as a new lithic industry or culture.We examine and quantify the objective and subjective variables that contributed to the development of the lithic technology type based on a variety of ideas and viewpoints.In terms of raw materials,functional requirements,and passive adaptation,it is posited that the causes of the specificity of the stone tool industry at the Yumidong site are more objective.The role of subjective factors is limited and contingent upon objective factors,and ecological adaptation is the primary determinan

关 键 词：玉米洞遗址 石器技术 演化 人类行为 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]