古代人群牙齿磨耗研究概述  

A study overview on tooth wear in ancient populations

作　　者：李海军[1] 曾雨欣 阿迪力江·外力 奴尔买买提·卡迪尔 张海龙 李文瑛 LI Haijun;ZENG Yuxin;ADILIJIANG Waili;NUERMAIMAITI Kadier;ZHANG Hailong;LI Wenying(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081;Turpan Gaochang District People's Hospital,Turfan 838000;Hotan Museum,Hotan 848000;Academy of Turfanology,Turfan 838000;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Urumqi 830011)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081 [2]吐鲁番市高昌区人民医院,吐鲁番838000 [3]和田博物馆,和田848000 [4]吐鲁番学研究院,吐鲁番838000 [5]新疆文物考古研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《人类学学报》2025年第2期333-351,共19页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项项目资助(24VLS005)。

摘　　要：牙齿磨耗是考古遗址出土的人类颌骨上常见的生理现象。目前国内外诸多学者对古代人群的牙齿磨耗进行了研究,取得了丰富的成果。牙齿磨耗依形态可以分为扁平磨耗、倾斜式磨耗、圆角磨耗、勺形或杯形磨耗、沟槽式磨耗等宏观磨耗形态,以及分为条痕和凹坑的微观磨耗形态。影响牙齿磨耗的因素包括年龄、食物结构、食物加工技术、社会经济类型等;另外,个体行为方式、牙齿的咀嚼方式、咀嚼频率、上下颌咬合关系以及牙齿本身的发育状况等也会在一定程度上影响牙齿磨耗。对牙齿磨耗的研究可应用于推断个体死亡年龄、探索古代人群饮食结构及社会经济模式、解释古代人群劳动行为和社会分工、重建儿童断奶模式与喂养方式,以及上下颌牙列咬合关系的功能复原等方面。国内对古代人群牙齿磨耗的研究成果丰硕,但同质性较明显,未来可在研究领域、研究思想与研究方法上加强创新,以求填补空白取得进一步的成果。Tooth wear is closely related to human subsistence activities and is a common physiological phenomenon observed on human remains excavated from archaeological sites.It possesses significant research value in fields such as physical anthropology and archaeology.Currently,numerous scholars both at home and abroad have conducted research on tooth wear in ancient populations,yielding a wealth of findings.However,a systematic review is still lacking.This paper reviews and summarizes the common types and influencing factors of tooth wear in ancient inhabitants based on relevant research results from both domestic and international sources.Macroscopically,tooth wear can present morphologically as flat,oblique,rounded,spoon-shaped,cup-shaped,and groove wear.Microscopically,it can be further classified into striations and pits.Factors influencing tooth wear include age,food structure,food processing techniques,socioeconomic types,and specific human behavioral patterns that may lead to distinctive wear phenomena.Moreover,factors such as chewing methods,chewing frequency,occlusal relationships between the upper and lower jaws,and the developmental status of teeth also affect tooth wear to a certain extent.Research on tooth wear can be applied to infer the individual age at death,explore the dietary structure and socioeconomic patterns of ancient populations,elucidate ancient labor behaviors and social division of labor,reconstruct the patterns of weaning and feeding in children,as well as the functional restoration of occlusal relationships between the upper and lower dental arches.Based on differences in research purposes and subjects,the academic community has proposed specialized observation methods and grading standards for evaluating the degree of tooth wear.Nevertheless,there is currently no unified grading method or standard for tooth wear.Overall,exploring the dietary conditions and subsistence patterns of ancient populations from different archaeological sites in China through tooth wear is a major research focus o

关 键 词：古代人群 牙齿 牙齿磨耗 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]