山西省不同地貌类型的极端降水时空分布变化特征  

Characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution changes of extreme rainfall in different geomorphic types in Shanxi Province

作　　者：孙晓慧 刘国庆 唐莉 SUN Xiaohui;LIU Guoqing;TANG Li(Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030032,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学,山西太原030032

出　　处：《水利水电技术(中英文)》2025年第3期46-60,共15页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“极端降雨工况下黄土梁峁采空区入渗产流规律与机理”(42307261);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目“气候变化对江西省主汛期降雨极值分布影响研究”(GJJ211945)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究全球气候变化背景下极端降水规律,有助于生态保护、气候变化应对、水资源管理和环境影响评估。【方法】根据1975—2020年山西省27个气象站的日降水数据,对山西省46 a极端降水事件进行筛选,计算出ETCCDMI推荐的10个极端降水指标,采用显著性水平(P_value)、趋势斜率(Slope)、平均值(Mean_value)及中位数(Median_value)等11个特征指标来分析数据的趋势和分布情况,叠加地貌类型计算出相应的极端降水指数特征,分析不同地貌类型下极端降雨事件的强度、分布及趋势变化规律,探讨极端降雨与地貌类型的相关关系,揭示极端降雨在各种地貌类型的分布特征。【结果】山西省站点CDD全部呈现降低趋势,达到显著性的站点占比为81%;除CWD以外,其余8个极端降水指标都以正相关站点数较多,PRCPTOT、R10mm、Rx1day与Rx5day正相关站点比例分别达到了74%、74%、69%与67%,但整体显著低;山西省CDD空间分布上表现为自南向北,自西向东减少趋势增加,CDD的平均值等6个指标具有相似的空间分布特征,表现为自北向南梯度式逐渐减少。CV等三个指标具有相似的空间分布特征,都以东南部阳泉与忻州交界处自北向南辐射减少,山西省北部的干旱情况较南部缓解快;山西省海拔与CDD、CWD、PRCPTOT、R10mm及Rx5day指数存在一定的显著相关性,与CDD的Slope、CWD的Median、Ave_Year_Change、Q50值,及RX5day的Min值都呈现显著的负相关关系(-0.44、-0.41、-0.42、-0.41、-0.45),与PRCPTOT及R10mm的Slope值呈现显著的正相关关系(0.46,0.45),与SDII的6项指标都呈现显著的负相关关系,对SDII的影响整体较为显著。【结论】山西省的地形起伏度与极端气候指标的特征值无显著相关性;山西省不同地貌类型区极端降水指数特征指标分布特征不同,低海拔丘陵台地区、小起伏中山、中海拔丘陵台地的各项指标都较为分散,该地貌区内的极�[Objective]Investigating extreme rainfall patterns in the context of global climate change can aid in ecological protec-tion,climate change response,water resource management,and environmental impact assessment.[Methods]Utilizing daily precipitation data from 27 meteorological stations in Shanxi Province from 1975 to 2020,extreme precipitation events over a span of 46 years were selected.Ten extreme precipitation indices recommended by ETCCDMI were calculated.Eleven characteristic indicators,including significance level(P_value),trend Slope(Slope),Mean value(Mean_value),and Median value(Medi-an_value),were used to analyze the trends and distribution of the data.The corresponding extreme precipitation index character-istics were calculated by superimposing landform types,analyzing the intensity,distribution,and trend changes of extreme rain-fall events across different landform types,exploring the correlation between extreme rainfall and landform types,and revealing the distribution characteristics of extreme rainfall in various landform types.[Results]All sites in Shanxi Province showed a de-creasing trend in CDD,with 81%of the sites reaching significance.Except for CWD,the other eight extreme precipitation indi-ces had more sites with positive correlations,with the proportions of sites positively correlated with PRCPTOT,R10mm,Rx1day,and Rx5day reaching 74%,74%,69%,and 67%,respectively,although the overall significance was low.The spatial distribu-tion of CDD in Shanxi Province exhibited an increasing trend of reduction from south to north and west to east.Six indices,inclu-ding the Mean value of CDD,showed similar spatial distribution characteristics,gradually decreasing in a gradient from north to south.Three indices,including CV,shared similar spatial distribution characteristics,with a radiating decrease from north to south at the junction of Yangquan and Xinzhou in the southeast.The drought situation in the northern part of Shanxi Province al-leviated faster than in the southern part.There was a significant

关 键 词：极端降水 特征指标 地貌类型 山西省 气候变化 生态保护 水资源 降雨 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]