行贿犯罪从严惩治的逻辑展开与司法适用  

The Logic of Strict Punishment for Bribery Crimes and Its Judicial Application

作　　者：张印 Zhang Yin(Law School of Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《山东警察学院学报》2024年第6期47-59,共13页Journal of Shandong Police College

摘　　要：1979年以来,我国行贿犯罪立法历经威慑不足、认识深化、轻重失衡、合理纠偏四个阶段,立法的完备性和科学性显著增强,但司法适用状况仍差强人意。《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十二)》秉持“从严惩治行贿犯罪”的理念,调整行贿罪的法定刑使之与受贿罪相衔接,提升相关行贿犯罪的法定刑。基于立法修正蕴含的理论、政策和实践三重逻辑,即行受贿犯罪法益性质及程度的迥异、立法中心主义的缺陷和以重刑预防贿赂犯罪的效能不彰,应将行贿犯罪的从严惩治解读为面向司法的立法宣示。由此,行贿犯罪的治理方向在于司法向立法的合理回归和均衡适用,应更新罪量标准以实现行受贿犯罪的差异化量刑,将从重处罚情节作为降低数额标准的依据以实现罪刑均衡,准确适用特殊从宽条款以贯彻宽严相济。以司法的有效治理贯彻从严惩治的立法理念,有利于立法修正目的的实现和贿赂犯罪的综合治理,推动实现中国式刑事司法现代化。Since 1979,the legislation on bribery crimes in China has gone through four stages:insufficient deterrence,deepening understanding,imbalance in severity,and reasonable correction.While the completeness and scientific nature of the legislation have significantly improved,the application of the law in practice remains unsatisfactory.The Twelfth Amendment to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China adheres to the principle of“strictly punishing bribery crimes”,adjusting the statutory penalties for bribery to align with those for corruption,thereby enhancing the penalties for related bribery offenses.Based on the theoretical,policy,and practical logic underlying the legislative amendments-namely,the distinct nature and severity of bribery and corruption offenses,the shortcomings of legislative centrism,and the ineffectiveness of harsh penalties in preventing bribery—it is essential to interpret the strict punishment of bribery crimes as a legislative declaration aimed at judicial application.Consequently,the governance of bribery crimes should focus on a rational return to legislative principles and balanced application in the judiciary.There is a need to update the criteria for sentencing to achieve differentiated penalties for bribery and corruption,using aggravating circumstances as a basis for lowering the amount thresholds to ensure proportionality between crime and punishment.Accurate application of special leniency provisions should be emphasized to uphold a balance between leniency and severity.Effective judicial governance reflecting the legislative intent of strict punishment is conducive to achieving the objectives of legislative amendment and comprehensive governance of bribery crimes,thereby promoting the modernization of criminal justice in China.

关 键 词：行贿犯罪 从严惩治 法益同质性 罪量标准 均衡适用 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]