热处理工艺对锻造8418模具钢组织和力学性能的影响  

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of forged 8418 die steel

作　　者：张燕 杨嘉豪 王炜 王明珂 李正宁 康纪龙 强小虎 ZHANG Yan;YANG Jiahao;WANG Wei;WANG Mingke;LI Zhengning;KANG Jilong;QIANG Xiaohu(Lanzhou Lanshi Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Casting and Forging Branch,Lanzhou Lanshi Group Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州兰石重工有限公司,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州交通大学材料科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]兰州兰石集团有限公司铸锻分公司,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《金属加工(热加工)》2025年第4期20-25,34,共7页MW Metal Forming

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(24JRRA247);甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目(2024CYZC-24)。

摘　　要：8418钢是一种含有Cr、Mo和V等元素的空冷硬化热作模具钢,目前广泛应用于热锻模具、热镦模具、冲压模具、压铸模具及挤压模具等热成形领域。以国内某铸锻公司生产的8418钢为研究对象,利用金相显微分析、硬度检测、拉伸试验及冲击试验等方法研究了热处理对锻造8418模具钢显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:8418钢经过热处理(超细化处理和球化退火、880℃正火、1030℃淬火和两次600℃回火)后,材料的晶粒度等级从原来的6.5级提升至8.5级,最终组织表现为晶粒细小的回火索氏体。材料的强度、硬度、塑性、韧性和冲击性能均得到了显著提升,最终热处理后材料的屈服强度为1660MPa,抗拉强度为1800MPa,伸长率为17.5%,硬度达到564.7HV,冲击吸收能量>300J,表现出优异的综合力学性能。8418 steel is a type of air-hardening hot work die steel containing elements such as Cr,Mo,and V.It is widely used in hot forging dies,hot upsetting dies,stamping dies,die casting dies,and extrusion dies in the field of hot forming.This article takes the 8418 steel produced by a domestic forging company as the research object and studies the influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of forged 8418 die steel using methods such as metallographic analysis,hardness testing,tensile testing,and impact testing.The study shows that after heat treatment(ultra-fine treatment and spheroidizing annealing,normalization at 880℃,quenching at 1030℃,and double tempering at 600℃),the grain size grade of the material has been improved from the original 6.5 to 8.5,and the final microstructure is characterized by fine-grained tempered sorbite.The strength,hardness,plasticity,toughness,and impact performance of the material have all been significantly improved.The final heat-treated steel has a yield strength of 1660MPa,a tensile strength of 1800MPa,an elongation of 17.5%,a hardness of 564.7HV,and an impact energy absorption of > 300J,demonstrating excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.

关 键 词：热处理工艺 8418模具钢 显微组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG162.7[金属学及工艺—热处理] TG156.9[金属学及工艺—金属学]