316L板材与选区激光熔化成形材料的组织和性能对比  

Comparison of microstructure and properties between 316L plate and materials formed by selective laser melting

作　　者：郝维勋[1] 史丹 赵中赫 车鹏程 段龙汉 HAO Weixun;SHI Dan;ZHAO Zhonghe;CHE Pengcheng;DUAN Longhan(State Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Thermal Power Generation Technology and Equipments,Harbin Boiler Company Limited,Harbin 150046,Heilongjiang,China;Harbin Boiler Company Limited,Harbin 150046,Heilongjiang,China;Harbin Energy Innovation Digital Technology Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150046,Heilongjiang,China;University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Anshan 114051,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]低碳热力发电技术与装备全国重点实验室(哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司),黑龙江哈尔滨150046 [2]哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150046 [3]哈尔滨能创数字科技有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150046 [4]辽宁科技大学,辽宁鞍山114051

出　　处：《金属加工(热加工)》2025年第4期142-150,共9页MW Metal Forming

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2022E079)。

摘　　要：对比研究了通过选区激光熔化(Selective Laser Melting,SLM)成形316L不锈钢和连铸连轧不锈钢板的微观形貌及其对力学性能的影响,并对比分析了不同工艺下成形试样的微观组织形貌、室温拉伸性能和高温拉伸性能的差异。结果表明:通过光学显微镜(OM)观察,不锈钢板试样中可以看出等轴晶结构,从SLM打印试样则可以观察到鱼鳞状熔池形貌,放大后能观察到大量细胞状和纤维状的亚晶结构。通过电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析,不锈钢板试样中可以看到大量等轴晶结构,小角度晶界较多。相比之下,SLM打印试样可以看到的晶粒形状大多为柱状晶结构,且大角度晶界较多。SLM打印试样的室温和高温拉伸性能均优于不锈钢板试样。在硬度方面,SLM打印试样的硬度性能高于不锈钢板试样。The microstructure and its influence on mechanical properties of casting and rolling 316L stainless steel plate and 316L stainless steel formed by selective laser melting(SLM) were studied.The differences in microstructure morphology,tensile properties at room temperature and high temperature were compared and analyzed under different processes.The test results show that the equiaxed grain structure can be seen in the stainless steel plate specimens by optical microscope(OM).In contrast,there are fish-scale molten pool morphologies in the SLM printed specimens,a large number of cell and fibrous subcrystalline structures can be observed after magnification.By electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) analysis,a large number of equiaxed crystal structures and low angle grain boundaries can be seen in the stainless steel plate specimens.In contrast,the grain shapes of SLM printed specimens are mostly columnar crystal structures,and there are more high angle grain boundaries.In terms of tensile properties,the tensile properties of SLM-printed specimens at room temperature and high temperature are better than those of 316L stainless steel plate specimens.In terms of hardness,the hardness performance of SLM printed sample is higher than that of stainless steel plate sample.

关 键 词：选区激光熔化 316L不锈钢 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]