泸州市主要小流域水质时空变化与驱动因素分析  

Analysis on Spatial and Temporal Variations of Water Quality and Influencing Factors in Major Small Watersheds in Luzhou City

作　　者：李明秋 彭代学 叶铃 LI Ming-qiu;PENG Dai-xue;YE Ling(Luzhou Xinglu Sewage Treatment Co.,Ltd.,Luzhou,Sichuan 646099,China;Longmatan Ecological Environment Bureau of Luzhou City,Luzhou,Sichuan 646099,China;Luzhou Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center Station of Sichuan Province,Luzhou,Sichuan 646099,China)

机构地区：[1]泸州市兴泸污水处理有限公司,四川泸州646099 [2]泸州市龙马潭生态环境监测和应急服务中心,四川泸州646099 [3]四川省泸州生态环境监测中心站,四川泸州646099

出　　处：《四川环境》2025年第2期95-103,共9页Sichuan Environment

摘　　要：基于2021—2023年泸州市11处省控和市控监测断面的水质监测数据,采用单因子评价、聚类分析和主成分分析方法,对小流域水质时空变化特征和主要影响因素进行研究。描述统计显示,选取研究区面临较重的有机污染和轻度的营养盐污染,其中化学需氧量仅有67.17%的样本达到地表水Ⅲ类水限值。水质评价结果表明,时间上5月和6月水质状况最差,空间上九曲河水质状况最差。聚类分析将研究区域分为两大类,九曲河、马溪河、龙溪河、大陆溪和濑溪河属于污染较重的组群1,塘河、永宁河和古蔺河则属于污染较轻的组群2。主成分分析揭示了影响不同区域水质的关键指标,发现有机污染物是影响组群1涉及流域水质变化的首要因素,而组群2涉及流域则需加强对氮磷污染的关注。研究结果为泸州市小流域水环境的精准治理提供了科学依据。Based on the water quality monitoring data from 11 provincial or municipal monitoring sections in Luzhou City from 2021 to 2023,single factor evaluation,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis were adopted in this study to investigate the spatiotemporal variations in water quality and the main influencing factors in small watersheds.Descriptive statistics indicated that the study area had significant organic pollution and mild nutrient pollution,with only 67.17%of chemical oxygen demand samples meeting ClassⅢwater body standards.The water quality assessment results showed that the worst water quality was in May and June,while the Jiuqu River haD the poorest water quality spatially.According to a cluster analysis,the study area was divided into two main groups:Group 1 included the Jiuqu River,Maxihe River,Longxi River,Dalu River,and Laixi River,which were heavily polluted,while Group 2 comprised the Tanghe River,Yongning River,and Gulin River,which experienced moderate pollution.Principal component analysis revealed the key indicators affecting water quality in different regions,identifying organic pollutants as the primary factor influencing water quality changes in watersheds of Group 1,whereas watersheds of Group 2 required increased attention to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.The findings provide a scientific basis for the precise management of small watershed water environments in Luzhou City.

关 键 词：小流域 水质评价 时空变化 聚类分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]