光纤布拉格光栅原位监测揭示硬壳电池应变、温度演变机理研究  

FBG-based study of in-situ strain and temperature evolution in prismatic cell

作　　者：黄丹茹 葛筱渔 张怡 裴非 黄桥生 王建豪 牟申周 徐星 HUANG Danru;GE Xiaoyu;ZHANG Yi;PEI Fei;HUANG Qiaosheng;WANG Jianhao;MOU Shenzhou;XU Xing(China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430070,Hubei China;School of materials science and engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,Hubei China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司武汉分公司,湖北武汉430070 [2]华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《电力科技与环保》2025年第2期252-262,共11页Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21801213)。

摘　　要：【目的】硬壳电池在充放电过程中由于电极内部晶格结构变化和电化学反应,会产生应变和温度变化,对电池的充放电状态、安全性能以及使用寿命等关键指标具有重要影响。【方法】为了更准确地监测和分析应变与温度变化,采用光纤布拉格光栅(fiber bragg grating,FBG)技术对磷酸铁锂(lithium iron phosphate,LFP)与石墨构成的硬壳电池进行了深入研究,包括FBG在电池监测中的最优应用方式、监测单电极应变变化并与电极材料的晶体结构变化进行关联分析、将FBG技术应用于储能电站中电池模组进行温度监测。【结果】研究表明:在电池侧面使用光纤应变片或通过夹具间接监测电池正面应变这两种方式能够稳定捕获电池在充放电循环中的应变变化,电池正面在循环过程中的应变约为500με,电池侧面约为50με;电池在充放电过程中由于锂离子嵌入和脱出引起的晶格体积变化是导致电池应变变化的根本原因;电池模组中电池侧面积热最严重,与电极相比,电池侧面在快速循环过程中温度约高3℃;FBG光纤在测温精度方面的表现与热电偶相当但复用性优于热电偶,可使用1根光纤蚀刻2个FBG监测2个电池的温度变化。【结论】FBG技术可揭示硬壳电池循环过程中应变、温度演变机理,在电池监测领域具有广阔的应用前景。[Objective]Prismatic cells generate strains and heat during charging and discharging due to changes of the electrodes’lattice structure and electro-chemical reactions,and such strains and heat have an important impact on key indicators such as the state of charge,safety performance,and service life of the cells.[Methods]In order to monitor and analyze strain and temperature change more accurately,fiber bragg grating(FBG)technology is used to conduct an in-depth study on prismatic cells composed of lithium iron phosphate(LFP)and graphite,including the optimal application of FBG,the monitoring of single-electrode strain changes and correlation analysis with the changes in the crystalline structure of the electrode material,and the application of FBG to monitor the temperature change of the cell module in the energy storage power station.[Results]The results show that using fiber optic strain gauges on the side of the cell or indirectly monitoring the strain of the front of the cell through a fixture can stably capture the strain change of the cell during cycling,and the strain during the cycling process is about 500μεon the front,and 50μεon the side.The change of the crystal lattice volume caused by lithium ions insertion and extraction is the fundamental cause of the change of the cell strain.The cell side area has the most serious heat accumulation compared(3℃higher).The performance of the FBG in temperature measurement accuracy is comparable to that of thermocouples but the multiplexing is better,which realizes the use of one optical fiber etched with two FBGs to monitor the temperature changes of two batteries.[Conclusion]Therefore,the FBG technology reveals the mechanism of strain and temperature evolution in the cycling process of prismatic cells,and has a broad application prospect in the field of battery monitoring.

关 键 词：光纤传感器 电化学-力学行为 锂离子电池 光纤布拉格光栅 原位应变监测 

分 类 号：TK01[动力工程及工程热物理] TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]