超越劳动关系:平台用工算法管理规制的三重维度  

Beyond the Employment Relationship:A Three-Dimensional Regulatory Framework for Algorithmic Management in Platform Work

作　　者：吴勇 Wu Yong

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2025年第2期51-66,共16页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(项目编号:24YJC820050)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：算法管理是平台用工模式的核心特征。从保障从业者基本权益的立场出发,对算法管理的规制不应以认定劳动关系为前提,而需借助公法手段从透明性、公平性和可追责性三重维度确立平台责任。具体而言,透明性要求合理限制平台处理从业者个人信息,并在不同主体层面设立算法披露义务,以破除“算法黑箱”;公平性要求平台防范就业歧视和禁止不当施压,并人工审查重大自动化决策,定期评估系统性算法风险;可追责性要求明确平台与合作企业之间的责任分配,引入举证责任倒置规则。以上三重维度相辅相成,分别从事前预防、事中监督与事后追责环节,构筑起算法管理的立体化规制体系,能够有效回应平台从业者权益保障的迫切需求。Algorithmic management constitutes a defining characteristic of the platform employment model.From the standpoint of protecting the fundamental rights of platform workers,the regulation of algorithmic management should not be contingent upon establishing a formal employment relationship.Rather,it necessitates the use of public law instruments to anchor platform responsibility across three interrelated dimensions:transparency,fairness,and accountability.Specifically,transparency entails imposing reasonable limits on platforms’processing of practitioners’personal data and mandating algorithmic disclosure obligations at various stakeholder levels to dismantle the“algorithmic black box.”Fairness demands that platforms prevent employment discrimination,refrain from exerting undue pressure,conduct human reviews of significant automated decisions,and periodically assess systemic algorithmic risks.Accountability requires a clear delineation of responsibilities between platforms and their partnering entities,alongside the introduction of a reversed burden of proof mechanism.These three dimensions establish a robust,multi-layered regulatory framework for algorithmic management,encompassing ex-ante prevention,in-process supervision,and ex-post redress,thereby effectively addressing the urgent need to safeguard the rights and interests of platform workers.

关 键 词：平台从业者 算法管理 透明性 公平性 可追责性 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]