新就业形态职业伤害保障制度的路径优化研究  

Research on Pathway Optimization of Occupational Injury Insurance System for New Forms of Employment

作　　者：艾琳[1] Ai Lin

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2025年第2期67-77,共11页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：吉林省社会科学基金项目“吉林省平台从业者权益保障机制研究”(项目编号:2022B92);2023年度吉林大学劳动关系专项研究课题“以‘三种精神’为核心推进企业文化建设”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新就业形态职业伤害保障制度是我国面对数字经济时代劳动形态变革和劳动权益诉求的重要制度回应。目前新一轮试点聚焦新就业形态劳动者被排除在现有工伤保险体系外的结构性矛盾,通过绕开劳动关系门槛、“按单缴费”等机制初步构建出新就业形态职业伤害保障制度的框架,但仍存在覆盖范围有限、区域政策碎片化等实践瓶颈,未来仍需在其独立性定位、主体责任配置及专门配套制度的构建方面进一步探索。在现有的商业保险与社会保险两种构建路径的探讨之下,构建以社会保险为核心、商业保险为补充的新就业形态职业伤害协同保障制度是更符合时代要求和实践需要的方案。协同保障要求实现“新职伤”与工伤保险的二元互补、社会保险与商业保险的层次化配合,为新就业形态劳动者提供更全面、更灵活、更适配的职业伤害保障方案。The occupational injury insurance system for new forms of employment represents a crucial institutional response to labor structure transformations and rights protection demands in China's digital economy era.The current pilot program addresses structural contradictions where workers in new employment forms are excluded from traditional work injury insurance systems.It establishes an initial framework by circumventing the employment relationship threshold and implementing per-order contribution mechanisms.However,practical constraints persist,including limited coverage and fragmented regional policies.Future developments require further exploration in three dimensions:clarifying the system's independent legal positioning,rationalizing stakeholder responsibilities,and constructing specialized supporting mechanisms.Amid ongoing debates between commercial insurance and social insurance approaches,establishing a coordinated protection system with social insurance as the core and commercial insurance as supplementary proves more aligned with contemporary requirements.This collaborative model necessitates dual complementarity betw een the new occupational injury system and Work-related Injury Insurance,coupled with hierarchical coordination between social and commercial insurance schemes.Such integration aims to deliver comprehensive,flexible,and context-appropriate occupational injury protection for workers in emerging employment arrangements.

关 键 词：新就业形态职业伤害保障 社会保险 工伤保险 协同保障 

分 类 号：F840.6[经济管理—保险] F842.6