云存储背后的虚拟复制与隐形传播  

Virtual Duplication and Invisible Communication Behind Cloud Storage

作　　者：崔国斌[1,2] Cui Guobin

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院 [2]清华大学法学院知识产权法研究中心

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2025年第2期93-109,共17页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“互联网交易制度与民事权利保护研究”(课题编号:20&ZD192)的研究成果。

摘　　要：现在云存储服务商普遍采用合并存储技术,即多个用户试图存储同一文件时,服务商不单独为每个用户保留备份,而是许可多个用户共享同一母本文件,从而节省存储空间并提升传输效率,并改进用户体验。合并存储给用户和服务商的行为定性带来前所未有的挑战。著作权法应推定用户的“秒存”(虚拟复制)行为构成著作权法意义上的“复制”,但是许可利益相关方举证推翻这一结论,恢复“虚拟复制”行为的本来面目,即类似于网络分享链接。用户基于虚拟复制的公开分享行为也应推定为信息网络传播行为。在利益相关方举证推翻“复制”推定后,按照加框链接或聚合链接行为处理用户的公开传播行为。在合并存储时,服务商许可诸多用户浏览同一母本文件的行为,不再是私人传输,而是公开传播即信息网络传播行为。服务商在获知用户的具体侵权行为前,不因合并存储而承担侵权责任。在获知用户的具体侵权行为后,服务商应当在其知情的范围内立即停止传播行为,否则应承担直接的侵权责任。Currently,cloud storage service providers widely employ deduplication technology.When multiple users attempt to store the same file,the provider does not retain separate backups for each user.Instead,it allows the users to share a single master copy of the file,thereby saving storage space,improving transmission efficiency,and enhancing the user experience.Deduplication technology poses unprecedented challenges in characterizing the behavior of both users and service providers under copyright law.Copyright law should presume that a user's"instant storage"(virtual reproduction)constitutes"reproduction"as defined by copyright law,while permitting stakeholders to present evidence to rebut this presumption and restore the true nature of the"virtual reproduction"—akin to sharing a network link.Similarly,a user's act of publicly sharing content based on virtual reproduction should also be presumed as an act of"communication to the public through information networks."If stakeholders successfully rebut the presumption of"reproduction,"the user's act of communication should then be treated as communication through a framed or embedded link.In the context of deduplication,when a service provider allows multiple users to access the same master file,this act is no longer private transmission but instead constitutes public communication.Before a provider becomes aware of specific infringing activities by user s,it should not bear liability solely due to deduplication.However,once the provider becomes aware of specific infringing actions,it must immediately cease dissemination within its scope of knowledge;otherwise,it will bear direct liability for infringement.

关 键 词：云存储 合并存储 虚拟复制 信息网络传播 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]