个人信息处理中的个人明确同意  

The Explicit Consent of Individuals in the Processing of Personal Information

作　　者：王叶刚 Wang Yegang

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2025年第2期152-165,共14页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：2024年度国家社科基金后期资助项目“人格要素许可使用制度研究”(项目批准号:24FFXB053)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《个人信息保护法》第13条、第14条将个人明确同意规定为基于个人同意依法处理个人信息的基本条件,判断个人信息处理行为的合法性,需要准确界定个人明确同意的内涵,并准确区分明确同意与单独同意、书面同意等同意形式。明确同意不同于单独同意,单独同意是特定情形下依法处理个人信息的特殊要求,个人信息处理者一般无须通过单独同意的方式取得个人的明确同意。明确同意不同于书面同意,书面同意主要是特定情形下依法处理敏感个人信息的特殊要求,个人的明确同意通常无须以书面同意的方式作出。个人明确同意强调个人同意意思的清晰和明确,个人明确同意的前提是个人对个人信息处理活动的充分知情,为保障个人的充分知情,个人信息处理者应当依法尽到告知义务。Articles 13 and 14 of the Personal Information Protection Law stipulate that explicit consent from an individual is the basic condition for the lawful processing of personal information based on the individual's consent.To determine the legality of personal information processing activities,it is necessary to accurately define the connotation of an individual's explicit consent and clearly distinguish explicit consent from separate consent,written consent and other forms of consent.Explicit consent is different from separate consent.Separate consent is a special requirement for the lawful processing of personal information under specific circumstances,and personal information processors generally do not need to obtain an individual's explicit consent through the means of separate consent.Explicit consent is different from written con sent.Written consent is mainly a special requirement for the lawful processing of sensitive personal information under specific circumstances,and an individual's explicit consent usually does not need to be given in the form of written consent.An individual's explicit consent emphasizes the clarity and definiteness of the individual's consent intention.The prerequisite for an individual's explicit consent is that the individual has full knowledge of the personal information processing activities.To ensure that the individual has full knowledge,the personal information processor should fulfill the obligation of notification in accordance with the law.

关 键 词：个人信息 明确同意 单独同意 书面同意 概括授权 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]