上游设置分水口的渠道梯形节制闸水力特性试验研究  

Experimental Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of Trapezoidal ControlGate with Upstream Water Diversion Outlets in Irrigation Area

作　　者：李琳[1,2] 刘岩 王延文 戴文鸿 LI Lin;LIU Yan;WANG Yan-wen;DAI Wen-hong(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Tacheng Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute,Tacheng 834700,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆塔城地区水利水电勘测设计院,新疆塔城834700 [4]河海大学水利水电学院,南京210098

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2025年第4期112-119,共8页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01A182)。

摘　　要：研究分水口对闸前流态的影响以及不同边坡和分水角下梯形节制闸的流量系数和水头损失的变化规律,建立梯形节制闸流量公式,探究梯形节制闸水头损失规律,为灌区量水控水精确化提供支持。试验设置了3个边坡(m=1.5、1.75和2)、5个分水角(θ=30°、45°、60°、75°和90°)、不同开度、不同水头共495组试验,进行梯形节制闸门在分水条件不同时的过流试验,观察分水口流态并分析成因;运用量纲分析法建立梯形节制闸流量公式,计算节制闸的相对水头损失。在节制闸前形成了回水区,节制闸流量计算公式的决定系数R^(2)=0.934,流量的平均相对误差为2.83%,相对水头损失随节制闸的相对开度增大而减小。梯形节制闸门的流量公式精度较高,可为灌区梯形渠道流量测量提供依据。To support precise measurement and control of water volume in irrigation area,this study investigated the influence of diversion outlet on the flow pattern in front of control gate,as well as the variation laws of flow coefficient and head loss of trapezoidal control gate under different slopes and water diversion angles.We observed the flow pattern at diversion outlet and analyzed the causes,and further established the flow formula for trapezoidal control gate by using dimensional analysis method and calculated the head-losses based on 495 groups of discharge tests under different water diversion conditions.The discharge tests involved different gate openings and water heads with three slopes(m=1.5,1.75,and 2)and five water diversion angles(θ=30°,45°,60°,75°,and 90°).Results revealed that a backwater area was formed in front of the control gate.The coefficient of determination of the flow formula was R^(2)=0.934,and the average relative error of the flow was 2.83%.Relative head loss decreased as the relative opening of the control gate increased.The results demonstrated high accuracy of the proposed flow formula for trapezoidal control gate,which offers a basis for flow measurement in trapezoidal channels in irrigation areas.

关 键 词：梯形节制闸 灌区渠道 分水口 水头损失 流量系数 流量公式 

分 类 号：TV131[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]