三峡库区无资料支流流量遥感监测及其变化分析  

Remote Sensing Monitoring and Variation Analysis of UngaugedTributary Discharge in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：娄和震 周柏池 宋文龙[2] 冯天时 杨胜天[1] 孟娟 桂荣洁 刘宏洁 LOU He-zhen;ZHOU Bai-chi;SONG Wen-long;FENG Tian-shi;YANG Sheng-tian;MENG Juan;GUI Rong-jie;LIU Hong-jie(College of Water Resources,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Remote Sensing Technology Application Center of Ministry of Water Resources,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Department of Three Gorges Hydrology and Water Resources Survey,Bureau of Hydrology of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Yichang 443000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水利部遥感中心,北京100038 [3]长江水利委员会水文局长江三峡水文水资源勘测局,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2025年第4期166-176,共11页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：三峡后续工作项目(JZ110161A0012023);国家自然科学基金项目(U1812401);第三次新疆综合科学考察资助项目(SQ2021xjkk02400)。

摘　　要：三峡库区内支流众多,但因缺少基本水文站监测,支流的水文和水资源信息匮乏,影响了区域的水资源管理和防洪安全。为此,选择了三峡库区20条典型支流为研究对象,其中18条为无资料支流,应用自主研发的遥感水文站技术,结合卫星及无人机遥感数据构建了支流监测断面的三维数字河道模型,计算分析了2016年1月—2023年7月的河道流量、相对水位等信息。研究表明:(1)三峡库区内20条典型支流的河道横断面形状呈U形,属于典型的山区河流;遥感水文站技术在计算三峡库区无资料支流流量时具有良好的精度,平均NSE和R2分别可达到0.74和0.76。(2)在研究期内库区支流相对水位变化较小,库首、库中和库尾支流相对水位月际变化在1.2 m以下的月份占比可达93.1%、86.8%和87.4%。(3)库区典型无资料支流的平均流量总体平稳,但趋势分析结果表明,共有13条无资料支流的流量正在减少,库区支流流量总体上呈现下降趋势。(4)三峡库区20条支流年均流量和全年总流量十分丰富,年均入库流量达164.75亿m^(3),约占库区年入库流量的4.8%,为地区经济发展提供了有力的水资源支撑。The Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)area features a large number of tributaries,but the lack of basic hydrological station monitoring leads to the scarcity of hydrological and water-resources information for these tributaries,affecting regional water resource management and flood control safety.To address this issue,we selected 20 typical tributaries in the TGR area,among which 18 are ungauged,to build 3D digital river models for these tributaries by self-developed remotely-sensed hydrological station technology along with satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote-sensing data.Based on this model,we calculated the river discharges,relative water levels,water-surface widths,and other information from January 2016 to July 2023 for the monitoring sections.Results revealed that:1)The cross-sections of 20 typical tributaries in the TGR area display U-shape,demonstrating mountainous characteristics.The remotely-sensed hydrological station technology demonstrates high accuracy in calculating ungauged tributary discharges in the TGR area,with the average Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient(NSE)and coefficient of determination(R 2)reaching 0.74 and 0.76,respectively.2)During the study period,the relative water levels of the tributaries changed minimally.The percentages of months with monthly relative water-level fluctuations below 1.2 m in the upper,middle,and lower tributaries of the reservoir were 93.1%,86.8%,and 87.4%respectively.3)The average discharges of typical ungauged tributaries were generally stable.However,trend analysis indicated that the discharges of 13 ungauged tributaries have being decreasing,suggesting an overall downward trend in tributary discharges in the reservoir area.4)The 20 tributaries have abundant annual average and total discharges,with the annual average inflow reaching 16.475 billion m^(3),accounting for approximately 4.8%of the total annual inflow of the reservoir area,offering substantial water resource support for regional economic development.

关 键 词：无资料支流 流量 遥感水文站技术 水资源管理 防洪安全 三峡库区 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]