鱼饲料对铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻生长、种间竞争的影响  

EFFECTS OF FISH FEED ON THE GROWTH AND INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION OF MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA AND SCENEDESMUS OBLIQUUS

作　　者：李高成 孔文文 刘德泽 位梦姣 郭智 黄岁樑[1,3,4] LI Gao-Cheng;KONG Wen-Wen;LIU De-Ze;WEI Meng-Jiao;GUO Zhi;HUANG Sui-Liang(Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education,Tianjin 300071,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院水环境数值模拟研究室,天津300071 [2]河北工业大学能源与环境工程学院,天津300401 [3]环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室,天津300071 [4]天津市城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室,天津300071

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2025年第2期365-379,共15页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目,52170165号,11672139号,51861135314号;天津市科学基金资助项目,18YFZCSF00510号。

摘　　要：由于湖泊水库等养殖水体中鱼饲料等营养物质的投加,导致藻类大量繁殖并严重威胁养殖水体生态平衡,了解养殖水环境中藻类之间的竞争特点和生存策略对揭示水华暴发机制具有重要意义。实验采用无氮磷的M-11培养基,加入鱼饲料制备成改进的M-11培养基,以铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻为实验对象,设定培养条件为:白天3000 lx,28℃,12 h;夜间0 lx,20℃,12 h。通过测定藻细胞密度和氮磷营养盐浓度,并应用改进的藻生长动力学方程和竞争方程,研究鱼饲料作为氮磷营养源时两种藻在单独培养和共生培养条件下的生长情况和竞争行为。结果表明:(1)单培养情况下,铜绿微囊藻的最大藻细胞密度为1411×10^(4)cells/mL,约为斜生栅藻的2.6倍;斜生栅藻在实验初期(0~4 d)的平均比生长速率为0.405 d^(-1),显著大于铜绿微囊藻(0.124 d^(-1))。(2)共培养情况下,铜绿微囊藻的平均抑制率比斜生栅藻高22.6%,平均竞争抑制参数比斜生栅藻低2.009,斜生栅藻在竞争中占优势。(3)LotkaVolterra方程、改进的Monod方程、改进的Logistic方程以及基于此方程导出的系列方程,能够描述铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻的生长、竞争、营养盐利用行为(R^(2)=0.451~0.998)。(4)比较改进的M-11培养基与营养状态指数相近的常规无机盐培养基,发现改进的M-11培养基中两种藻在单培养和共培养情况下的最大藻细胞密度更高。(5)鱼饲料在水体中的营养盐释放特征有助于斜生栅藻在实验初期维持较高的比生长速率并快速利用营养盐,从而在共培养时易于取得竞争优势。研究结果可为养殖水体水华的防治提供理论指导和数据支持。The addition of fish feed and nutrients in aquaculture water bodies,such as lakes and reservoirs,can lead to excessive algal growth,disrupting ecological balance.Understanding the competitive dynamics of algae in these environments is crucial for elucidating algal blooming mechanism.In this study,we modified nitrogen-free and phosphorus-free M-11 medium by adding fish feed and utilized Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus obliquus as experimental subjects.Culture conditions were set as follows:daytime 3000 lx,28℃for 12 hours,and 0 lx,and nighttime 20℃for 12 hours.Algal cell density and nutrient(nitrogen and phosphorus)concentrations were measured,and improved algal growth kinetic and competition models were applied to assess growth and competitive behavior under both monoculture and co-culture conditions.Results show that(1)the maximum algal density of M.aeruginosa was 1411×10^(4)cells/mL,which was 2.6 times higher than that of S.obliquus.Furthermore,the average specific growth rate of S.obliquus at the beginning of the experimental period(0~4 d)was 0.405 d^(-1),which was significantly higher than that of M.aeruginosa(0.124 d^(-1));(2)The average inhibition rate of M.aeruginosa was 22.6%higher than that of S.obliquus under co-culture,while the average competitive inhibition parameter for M.aeruginosa was 2.009 lower than that of S.obliquus,indicating that S.obliquus was dominant in competition.(3)The Lotka-Volterra equation,the improved Monod equation,the improved Logistic equation,and the derived relationship equations based on the improved Logistic equations can effectively describe the growth,competition,and nutrient utilization behaviors of M.aeruginosa and S.obliquus(R^(2)=0.451~0.998).(4)In comparisons between the modified M-11 medium and conventional inorganic media with similar trophic state indices,both algae species achieved higher maximum cell densities in the modified M-11 medium under both monoculture and co-culture conditions.(5)The nutrient release characteristics of fish feed in water facil

关 键 词：铜绿微囊藻 斜生栅藻 鱼饲料 营养盐 种间竞争 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]