海水贝类网笼附着物资源化利用研究——以仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)饵料为例  

STUDY ON RESOURCE UTILIZATION OF MARINE SHELLFISH CAGE ATTACHMENTS——TAKING THE FEED OF APOSTICHOPUS JAPONICUS AS AN EXAMPLE

作　　者：李佳希 肖嘉鑫 赵欣妍 全思彤 陈英旭 李勇明 李征远 霍忠明[2] 方蕾 LI Jia-Xi;XIAO Jia-Xin;ZHAO Xin-Yan;QUAN Si-Tong;CHEN Ying-Xu;LI Yong-Ming;LI Zheng-Yuan;HUO Zhong-Ming;FANG Lei(College of Marine Science and Technology and Environment,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Dalian Shangpintang Marine Life Co.Ltd.,Zhuanghe 116432,China;Donggang Ocean and Fisheries Development Service Center,Donggang 118301,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]辽宁省贝类良种繁育工程技术研究中心、大连海洋大学,辽宁大连116023 [3]大连上品堂海洋生物有限公司,辽宁庄河116432 [4]东港市海洋与渔业发展服务中心,辽宁东港118301

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2025年第2期393-401,共9页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目,2023LZGCQY001号;大连市杰出青年科技人才项目,2021RJ09号;辽宁省教育厅2024年高校基本科研项目,500924203055号;2022年辽宁省应用基础研究计划“海水贝类益生菌研发”,2022JH2/101300141号。

摘　　要：海水贝类养殖过程中产生大量网笼附着物,造成环境污染和资源浪费。将贝类网笼附着物高温烘干后粉碎制成贝笼泥,并添加环保酵素进行固态发酵,替代海泥作为饵料投喂仿刺参,根据养殖实验结果评估贝笼泥替代海泥用作仿刺参饵料的可行性。养殖实验进行9周后,投喂贝笼泥和大叶藻的BD组仿刺参存活率和特定生长率与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05);而投喂贝笼泥、大叶藻和环保酵素的BDJ组仿刺参与对照组相比存活率显著提高(P<0.05),特定生长率无显著性差异(P>0.05);各实验组养殖水体的理化性质无显著性差异,投喂环保酵素的两个实验组养殖水体中可培养弧菌数显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各实验组桶底沉积物的细菌群落结构类似,优势门均为拟杆菌门、变形菌门和疣微菌门,优势属均为Lutibacter属和Haloferula属。结果表明,贝笼泥可以代替海泥作为仿刺参饵料使用,进而解决网笼附着物大量堆积以及开采海泥带来的环境问题。During the culture process of marine shellfish,huge amounts of cage attachments are produced,leading to resource waste and environmental pollution.In this study,marine shellfish cage attachments were dried at high temperature and then pulverized into powders to make shellfish mud.Additionally,environmentally eco enzymes were added to ferment shellfish cage mud in solid.Shellfish cage mud-based new feeds were therefore developed as a replacement of traditional sea sediment-based in A.japonicus culture.Results of culture experiments showed that using shellfish cage mud as a substitute of sea sediment to feed A.japonicus was feasible.At the end of culture experiments,no significant difference was observed in the survival rate and specific growth rate(SGR)of the BD group(fed with shellfish cage mud and Zostera marina powder)as compared with the control group(P>0.05).Nevertheless,survival rate of the BDJ group(fed with environmentally eco enzymes fermented shellfish cage mud Zostera marina powder)was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),whereas there was no significant difference in SGRs of these two groups(P>0.05).The physical and chemical properties of the culture water bodies in the five experimental groups were comparable to each other.The two experimental groups fed with environmental eco enzymes fermented feeds had less culturable Vibrio-bacteria in comparing with the control group(P<0.05).The bacterial community structures of sediment from different experimental groups were similar.Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were the dominant phyla,while Lutibacter and Haloferula were the dominant genera.Our results showed that it was plausible to use shellfish cage mud as the substitute of marine sediment in feeding A.japonicus,thereby solving the environmental problems caused by the huge accumulation of cage attachments as well as the large-scale mining of sea sediment.

关 键 词：网笼附着物 仿刺参 海泥 环保酵素 养殖实验 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源] S968.3[农业科学—水产科学]