弯管进气时进口流场对压气机性能的影响  

The influence of the inlet flow field on the performance of the compressor under the elbow intake mode

作　　者：胡宗武 黄宁[1] 赵洋 李星 陈冠言 张洁 HU Zongwu;HUANG Ning;ZHAO Yang;LI Xing;CHEN Guanyan;ZHANG Jie(College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;.College of Petrochemical Technology,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;National Key Laboratory of Diesel Engine Turbocharging Technology,China North Engine Research Institute,Tianjin 300400,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,兰州730000 [2]兰州理工大学石油化工学院,兰州730050 [3]中国北方发动机研究院柴油机增压技术国家重点实验室,天津300400

出　　处：《流体机械》2025年第3期36-43,共8页Fluid Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11602100);基础产品创新计划车用动力科研项目(20221001)。

摘　　要：针对弯管进气方式下离心压气机进口流场发生畸变,进而对压气机性能产生重要影响的问题,通过自主设计的压气机试验装置,结合特性试验与PIV流场测量,定量揭示了弯管进气下压气机性能与流场结构的关联机制。结果表明,相较于直管进气,弯管进气导致离心压气机在最高效率点的压比和效率最高分别下降2.7%和9.8%,表明弯管结构显著劣化压气机性能;PIV测试揭示进口截面存在反向旋转双涡结构,其强度与压气机流量和转速呈正相关;基于对进口管路径向截面的速度均匀性指数分析,界面速度均匀性较好,径向速度均匀性影响较弱(γ的绝对值小于0.2),而周向速度分布的非对称性与压比(γ=-0.976)、效率(γ=-0.923)呈强负相关,表明周向畸变是性能劣化的主导因素。研究结果可为离心压气机的性能提升提供参考。In order to solve the problem that the inlet flow field of a centrifugal compressor distorts under the elbow intake mode,which in turn has a significant impact on the performance of the compressor,through the self‑designed compressor test device,combined with characteristic tests and PIV flow field measurements,the correlation mechanism between the performance of the compressor and the flow field structure under the elbow intake is quantitatively revealed.The results show that,compared with the straight pipe intake,the elbow intake causes the pressure ratio and efficiency of the centrifugal compressor at the highest efficiency point to decrease by up to 2.7%and 9.8%respectively,indicating that the elbow structure significantly deteriorates the performance of the compressor.PIV testing revealed the presence of a reverse rotating twin vortex structure in the inlet section,whose strength is positively correlated with compressor flow rate and speed;Based on the analysis of the velocity uniformity index of the inlet pipe path cross-section,the interface velocity uniformity is good,and the radial velocity uniformity has a weak influence(the absolute value ofγis less than 0.2).The asymmetry of the circumferential velocity distribution is strongly negatively correlated with the pressure ratio(γ=-0.976)and efficiency(γ=-0.923),indicating that circumferential distortion is the dominant factor in performance degradation.The research results can provide a reference for the performance improvement of centrifugal compressors.

关 键 词：离心压气机 弯管进气 流场测量 性能分析 速度均匀性 

分 类 号：TH45[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]