1978—1998年双轨制时期中国居民消费特征研究  

Research on the Chinese Household Consumption Characteristicsduring the Dual-track System Period from 1978 to 1998

作　　者：张月英[1] ZHANG Yue-ying(Liaocheng University Library,Liaocheng 252059,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学图书馆,山东聊城252059

出　　处：《聊城大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期58-66,共9页Journal of Liaocheng University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA058):中华人民共和国居民消费史(1949—2019)。

摘　　要：1978—1998年双轨制时期,随着国民经济的快速发展和市场化改革的逐步深入,中国居民消费进入到需求旺盛、量的扩张阶段,在消费途径、消费内容、消费结构和消费行为等方面都发生了根本性变化。在消费途径上,农村居民商品性消费成为主体,城镇居民供给半供给制福利性消费逐步减少。在消费内容上,物质性消费仍然占据消费的主要地位,而精神性消费还未提上日程、所占比例较小。在消费结构上,经历了贫困型到温饱型再到向小康型的历史性变化,逐步向高层次迈进。在消费行为上,居民消费的自主选择权逐渐增强,大多数消费者都是理性的。但是,由于市场经济体制和新的消费秩序尚处于建立过程之中,假冒伪劣商品泛滥、盲目攀比消费盛行、崇洋消费心理严重等不良问题对中国消费经济发展也造成了很大的负面影响。当前,中国经济已进入了高质量发展阶段,要着力扩大内需、增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用,就必须从以下方面着手:大力发展实体经济,提高消费品和服务质量;优化居民收入分配格局,完善扩大居民消费长效机制;加快建设高效规范、公平竞争、充分开放的全国统一大市场;把握新型消费特征,积极培育新型消费业态。During the period of the dual-track system from 1978 to 1998,with the rapid development of the national economy and the gradual deepening of the market-oriented reform,Chinese household consumption entered the stage of expansion with strong demand and quantity,and fundamental changes took place in the aspects of consumption channels,consumption contents,consumption structure and consumption behaviors.In the way of consumption,the commodity consumption of rural residents had become the main body,and the welfare consumption of urban residents with the semi-supply system had gradually decreased.In terms of consumption content,material consumption still occupies the main position of consumption,while spiritual consumption has not been put on the agenda,accounting for a small proportion.In the consumption structure,it had experienced a historical change from poverty to subsistence and then to small well-being,and had gradually advanced to a high level.In terms of consumption behavior,residents’independent choice of consumption had gradually increased,and most consumers were rational.However,as the market economy system and the new consumption order were still in the process of establishment,the proliferation of fake and shoddy commodities,the prevalence of blind comparison consumption,and the serious consumer psychology of worship of foreign countries had also caused a great negative impact on the development of China’s consumer economy.The Chinese economy has been entering a stage of high-quality development.To expand domestic demand and enhance the fundamental role of consumption in economic development,we must take the following steps:vigorously develop the real economy and improve the quality of consumer goods and services;optimize the pattern of residents’income distribution and improve the long-term mechanism for expanding household consumption;accelerate the development of a large unified national market that is efficient,standardized,fair competition and fully open;grasp the characteristics of new consum

关 键 词：双轨制时期 居民消费 过渡性特征 

分 类 号：F126.1[经济管理—世界经济]