柏拉图《理想国》人性隐喻与现代企业管理  

Human Nature Metaphors in Plato’s the Republic and Contemporary Enterprise Management

作　　者：李东光[1] LI Dong-guang(Business School,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252000,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学商学院,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《聊城大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期86-91,共6页Journal of Liaocheng University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：聊城大学科研基金一般项目(321021942):习近平关于大学生职业生涯规划的重要论述研究。

摘　　要：柏拉图《理想国》中的隐身人、金银铜铁人、洞穴人和哲人王等人性隐喻对现代企业管理尤其是人才管理方面有着重要的启示意义与借鉴价值。隐身人隐喻诠释了人在缺乏外界约束的情况下就会凸显、放大其私欲、恶的成份并做出危害社会和他人利益的人性现实,因此企业管理中制度设计要科学合理无盲区,监督执行要严明有力,以最大限度约束或消除正式组织与非正式组织中的“隐身人”及其负面影响。金银铜铁人隐喻揭示了需要在正视人与人之间差异性的基础上建立理想的社会秩序,依此思想企业应该合理定位人才并按照能级匹配的原则做好人才的动态管理。洞穴人隐喻描述了人从可见世界到可知世界的这一艰难过程及其重大意义,由此企业需要企业家引领,克服各种阻力以形成企业升华式的人才开发机制,打造学习型组织,进而实现人才的超越式发展。哲人王隐喻说明了具有最高能力和最高境界的哲人王在创建理想组织中的逻辑机理,据此企业应该按照哲人王式的素养和标准践行企业家精神,积极培育企业家与核心人才。The metaphors of human nature such as the Invisible Man,the Gold,Silver,Bronze,Iron Man,Cave Man,and Philosopher King in Plato’s The Republic have important enlightening significance and reference value for contemporary enterprise management,especially in talent management.The metaphor of the Invisible Man explains that in the absence of external constraints,people will highlight and amplify their selfish desires,evil elements,and make human realities that harm society and the interests of others.Therefore,the institutional design in enterprise management should be scientific,reasonable,and have no blind spots,and the supervision and execution should be strict and effective,in order to maximize the restraint or elimination of the“Invisible Man”and its negative impact in formal and informal organizations.The metaphor of Gold,Silver,Bronze,Iron Man reveals the need to establish an ideal social order on the basis of recognizing the differences between people.Based on this idea,enterprises should reasonably position talents and do a good job in dynamic management of talents according to the principle of abilities and levels matching.The Cave Man metaphor describes the difficult process and significant meaning of human beings transitioning from the visible world to the known world.As a result,enterprises need the guidance of entrepreneurs to overcome various obstacles and form a sublimated talent development mechanism,creating a learning organization and achieving the leapfrog development of talents.The metaphor of the Philosopher King illustrates the logical mechanism of the Philosopher King with the highest ability and highest realm in creating an ideal organization.Based on this,enterprises should practice the entrepreneurial spirit according to the qualities and standards of the Philosopher King,cultivate entrepreneurs and core talents actively.

关 键 词：《理想国》 人性隐喻 企业管理 人才管理 管理哲学 

分 类 号：C93-05[经济管理—管理学]