新型车载液氢容器绝热结构设计与分析  

Design and analysis of thermal insulation structure of new on‑board liquid hydrogen vessel

作　　者：徐敬 秦超 徐理善 刘发安 李超 马树辉 刘培启[2] XU Jing;QIN Chao;XU Lishan;LIU Faan;LI Chao;MA Shuhui;LIU Peiqi(China Petroleum Engineering&Construction Corporation North Company,Renqiu 062550,China;School of Chemical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油工程建设有限公司华北分公司,河北任丘062550 [2]大连理工大学化工学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《压力容器》2025年第1期43-53,共11页Pressure Vessel Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(DUT24ZD204)。

摘　　要：为研发新型车载液氢容器,对比分析了LNG容器结构特点,从支撑结构、绝热层和管路设计角度出发,提出新型车载液氢容器结构。建立容器的强度和传热计算模型,对容器的结构强度和绝热性能进行分析,并加工试样进行日蒸发率试验测试。结果表明,车载液氢容器随车行驶过程中,径向载荷对结构的冲击最大,结构最危险区域为支撑颈管根部及真空腔与内胆封头连接处;容器在233~333 K环境温度范围内,支撑结构的漏热量随温度的增加逐渐增大,S型管路相较于圆弧型管路漏热量更低,随温度增加漏热量的增量为0.12 W;试验测得容器的日蒸发率(液氮)在1%以内,且与模拟结果误差为0.3%,其中支撑结构的漏热量占总体的52%左右。新型车载液氢容器的支撑结构的强度和漏热量均满足要求,可为后续研发大容积液氢容器提供技术指导和理论参考。To develop a novel on-board liquid hydrogen vessel,this study compared the structural characteristics of LNG vessels and proposed a new design for the liquid hydrogen vessel from the perspectives of support structure,insulation layer,and pipeline layout.Strength and heat transfer models of the vessel were established to analyze its structural integrity and thermal insulation performance.Prototype samples were fabricated for daily evaporation rate testing.Results indicate that during vehicle operation,radial loads exert the highest impact on the structure,with the most critical regions being the root of the support neck pipe and the connection between the vacuum chamber and inner vessel head.Within an ambient temperature range of 233~333 K,the heat leakage through the support structure increases gradually with temperature.S-shaped pipelines demonstrate lower heat leakage compared to arc-shaped pipelines,with a heat leakage increment of 0.12 W per temperature rise.Experimental measurements show a daily evaporation rate(using liquid nitrogen as the test medium)below 1%,with a 0.3%deviation from simulation results.Heat leakage from the support structure accounts for approximately 52%of the total.The proposed support structure meets both strength and heat leakage requirements,providing technical guidance and theoretical references for developing large-capacity liquid hydrogen vessels.

关 键 词：液氢容器 支撑结构 漏热量 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TK91[动力工程及工程热物理] TB115[理学—数学]