月球历法中的问题讨论  

Discuss Problems on the Lunar Calendar

作　　者：刘民[1] 平劲松[2] 王乾娟 LIU Min;PING Jingsong;WANG Qianjuan(Beijing Orient Institute of Measurement and Test,Beijing 100094,China;National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]北京东方计量测试研究所,北京100094 [2]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101

出　　处：《计量学报》2025年第3期309-315,共7页Acta Metrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2021YFA0715100,2021YFA0715101);中国科学院A类科技先导专项(XDA0350300);中国空间技术研究院院士研究课题(030010006420240017)。

摘　　要：月球上的观测者所见的天体运动或天象周期及其通算关系,称为“月球历法”。历法属于时间计量的范畴,地球以外的时间计量又是空间计量的科学问题。研究月球历法首先要分析月球所处的空间坐标结构,把月球放到分层嵌套的多级坐标系中研究,月球观测者从不同层级的坐标系中选择不同的参考物,将会测量得到不同的自转周期和公转周期。其次要分析月球历法的周期性和本地性,把观测者分为:月正面、月背面、晕圈以及月球赤道等不同位置的观测者,分别从不同位置观测天象的周期。由于参照物不同可得出结论:如地球是最佳参照物,月球相对于地球无自转,但有摆动;参考太阳和恒星,虽然月面观测者看到了太阳和恒星的类似周期性运动,但周期间隔不均匀。因此月球与地球自转和公转运动的特点不同,地球上现有的历法规则不能照搬到月球。The periods of movement of celestial bodies seen by observers on the moon and their transfer relationships are called the"lunar calendar".Calendar belongs to the category of time metrology,and the time metrology outside the earth is a scientific problem of space metrology.To study the lunar calendar need first analyzes the spatial coordinate structure of the moon,put the moon in a layered,nested multilevel coordinate system,lunar observers choosing different references from different levels of coordinates will measure different rotation periods and revolution periods.Secondly,to analyze the periodicity and locality of the lunar calendar,these observers into different locations:such as the front,the back,the halo,and the lunar equator,observe the period of celestial phenomena from different positions respectively,and the conclusion can be drawn due to the different references:for example,the earth is the best reference,the moon has no rotation relative to the earth,but swings;refer to the sun and stars,although the lunar observer sees the similar periodic movement of the sun and stars,but is not uniform.Therefore,unlike the characteristics of the moon and the earth,the existing calendar rules on the earth cannot be copied to the moon.

关 键 词：时间计量 历法 月球历法 自转 公转 白道 黄道 空间计量 

分 类 号：TB939[一般工业技术—计量学]