规模化羊场粪便堆肥碳氮比优化研究  

The optimization of carbon/nitrogen ratio for sheep manure composting on large-scale farm

作　　者：吴迪 廖文华 耿仕呈 白贻超 景悦杨 刘春敬 高志岭 WU Di;LIAO Wenhua;GENG Shicheng;BAI Yichao;JING Yueyang;LIU Chunjing;GAO Zhiling(College of Resource and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2025年第2期17-25,共9页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省重点研发项目(21327303D);国家自然科学基金项目(42375170).

摘　　要：为了提高规模化肉羊养殖场粪便堆肥效率、降低堆肥过程中养分损失,本研究采用室外模拟堆肥的方法,以羊粪直接堆肥为对照T0(C/N 12∶1),系统探讨了不同碳氮比T1(C/N 19∶1)、T2(C/N 25∶1)、T3(C/N 30∶1)对羊粪堆肥中NH_(3)、N_(2)O、CH4、CO_(2)等碳氮损失与堆肥质量的影响。结果表明:堆肥过程中T1、T2、T3碳氮比优化处理的高温期发生与持续时间均明显优于T0处理;与T0相比,T1、T2、T3碳氮比优化处理显著降低了NH_(3)、N_(2)O和CH4排放,其中NH_(3)排放降幅分别为17.9%、45.8%和58.2%,N_(2)O排放降幅分别为21.1%、27.7%和44.9%,CH4排放降幅分别为51.4%、93.3%、83.8%;由于碳氮比优化处理堆肥升温快、高温时段长、物料降解速率高,T1、T2、T3处理的CO_(2)累积排放量分别比T0高64.1%、55.3%、51.5%。此外,T1、T2、T3处理还明显提高了羊粪堆肥的种子发芽指数,降低了堆肥的电导率(EC)。本研究表明,优化规模化羊场粪便堆肥碳氮比不仅可提高羊粪的堆肥效率、堆肥质量,还显著降低了堆肥过程中氮素损失与温室气体排放,且以T2处理的氮损失和温室气体排放的综合减排效果最佳。To improve the efficiency and reduce the nutrient losses of manure composting process for large-scale sheep farms in China,this study employed an outdoor simulation composting method to investigate the impact of optimizing carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N)of sheep manure feedstock on compost quality and losses of carbon and nitrogen,such as emissions of ammonia(NH_(3)),nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),methane(CH4),and carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).Four treatments were setted as T0(C/N 12:1,direct sheep manure composting),and 3 different C/N ratios of T1(C/N 19:1),T2(C/N 25:1),T3(C/N 30:1)in which pine sawdust was used for C/N adjustment.The results showed that the thermophilic period of the T1,T2,and T3 treatment occurred faster and lasted longer than that of the T0 treatment during the composting process,indicating an improved sheep manure composting efficiency.Comparing with T0,the T1,T2 and T3 treatments reduced the NH_(3)emissions by 17.9%,45.8%and 58.2%,N_(2)O emissions by 21.1%,27.7%and 44.9%,and CH4 emissions by 51.4%,93.3%,and 83.8%,respectively.Meanwhile,the cumulative CO_(2)emissions of T1,T2,and T3 treatments were 64.1%,55.3%,and 51.5%higher than that of the T0,respectively,which might correspond to their longer thermophilic periods and the resultant higher material degradation rate.Additionally,the T1,T2,and T3 treatments significantly increased the seed germination index of sheep manure compost and reduced the conductivity(EC)of the compost compared to T0.In conclusion,optimization of the C/N ratio for large-scale sheep manure composting can not only improve the composting efficiency and quality of sheep manure,also significantly reduce N loss and greenhouse gas emissions during the composting process,and the T2 appeared to be the better treatment for the reductions of nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions.

关 键 词：羊粪堆肥 氮损失 氨气 温室气体 碳氮比 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]