壳聚糖对甜瓜白粉病抗性的影响  

Effect of chitosan on melon resistance to powdery mildew

作　　者：曹艳霞 刘海河[1] 张彦萍[1] 朱立保 郑海强 刘梦泽 康凯伦 祁泽阳 CAO Yanxia;LIU Haihe;ZHANG Yanping;ZHU Libao;ZHENG Haiqiang;LIU Mengze;KANG Kailun;QI Zeyang(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2025年第2期46-53,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家西甜瓜产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-26-25);河北省现代种业科技创新专项资助项目(21326306D);河北省农业科技成果转化资金专项资助项目(冀科农函[2024]1号).

摘　　要：为探究壳聚糖对甜瓜白粉病抗性的影响及其作用机制,以易感白粉病甜瓜品种‘105’为试材,待幼苗长至三叶一心时叶面喷施4个浓度的壳聚糖400、800、1200、1600 mg/L,在处理后24 h通过喷雾接种白粉病病原菌的方法,研究了壳聚糖对甜瓜植株白粉病抗性的影响,并分析了处理后甜瓜叶片抗氧化系统、苯丙烷代谢和叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明:相较于对照,800 mg/L壳聚糖处理的甜瓜叶片病情指数显著降低39.79%,相对防效为62.00%;最大光化学效率和光合性能指数显著增加;超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性分别显著提高53.22%、17.97%、62.11%、64.15%、54.24%。同时,壳聚糖处理可以降低超氧阴离子产生速率及丙二醛含量,提升脯氨酸、可溶性糖、总酚、类黄酮含量。相关性分析表明,病情指数与光合效率、抗氧化能力、渗透调节物质和苯丙烷代谢密切相关。主成分分析表明,800 mg/L壳聚糖处理的甜瓜幼苗得分高于对照,且其综合得分最高,表明其抗病性最好。综上,叶面喷施800 mg/L壳聚糖可通过降低甜瓜叶片的活性氧积累、促进苯丙烷代谢和增强光合能力,进而提高甜瓜叶片对白粉病的抗性。To explore the influence of chitosan on the resistance of melon to powdery mildew and its underlying mechanisms,the susceptible melon variety'105'was selected as the experimental material.When the seedlings reached the three leaves stage and one heart-shaped leaf stage,they were sprayed with chitosan at four concentrations:400,800,1200,and 1600 mg/L.Twenty-four hours after the chitosan treatment,the powdery mildew pathogen was inoculated onto the leaves using a spray method.The study investigated the effects of chitosan on the resistance of melon plants to powdery mildew and analyzed the changes in the antioxidant system,phenylpropanoid metabolism,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the treated melon leaves.The results showed that compared with the control,the disease index of melon leaves treated with 800 mg/L chitosan was significantly reduced by 39.79%,with a relative control effect of 62.00%.The maximum photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic performance index were significantly increased.The activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase,polyphenol oxidase,and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were significantly increased by 53.22%,17.97%,62.11%,64.15%,and 54.24%,respectively.Meanwhile,chitosan treatment could reduce the production rate of superoxide anion and the content of malondialdehyde,while increasing the contents of proline,soluble sugars,total phenols,and flavonoids.Correlation analysis indicated that the disease index was closely related with photosynthetic efficiency,antioxidant capacity,osmotic adjustment substances,and phenylpropanoid metabolism.Principal component analysis showed that muskmelon seedlings treated with 800 mg/L chitosan scored higher than the control,with the highest composite score,indicating the best disease resistance.In summary,foliar application of 800 mg/L chitosan can enhance the resistance of muskmelon leaves to powdery mildew by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species,promoting phenylpropanoid metabolism,and enhancing photosynthetic capacity.

关 键 词：甜瓜 白粉病 壳聚糖 防御酶 抗病性 

分 类 号：S652.9[农业科学—果树学]