载人航天器材料可燃性评价方法的现状和发展  

Current Status and Development of Material Flammability Evaluation for Manned Spacecraft

作　　者：朱凤[1] 李森 王双峰[1,3] ZHU Feng;LI Sen;WANG Shuangfeng(Key Laboratory of Microgravity,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;School of Engineering Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院力学研究所,中国科学院微重力重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [3]中国科学院大学工程科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《载人航天》2025年第2期230-240,共11页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA0716203)。

摘　　要：火灾预防是载人航天器舱内火灾安全策略的基础。为尽可能消除火灾隐患,需要认识航天器材料(主要是非金属固体材料)在其应用条件下的可燃特性,进而对材料选择和使用进行控制,这是航天器火灾预防的主要工程措施,也是火灾监测和灭火等其他安全设计的出发点。经过长期技术积累和实践应用,国内外已经建立起载人航天器材料可燃性的标准测试试验以及相应的评价准则,但是,现行评价方法不能准确反映微重力等特殊应用环境中的材料燃烧特性,改善可燃性评价能力、发展新的测试方法,是燃烧和火灾科学研究的重要课题。评述载人航天器材料可燃性的主要测试方法,介绍国内外在研究、改进材料可燃性评价技术方面的最新进展,并对未来的研究发展提出建议。Fire prevention is the basis of the fire safety strategy for manned spacecraft.To mitigate the risk of fire hazards as much as possible,the flammability properties of spacecraft materials,especially the non-metallic materials,need to be recognized and the selection and use of the materials should be controlled.These are the major engineering measures for spacecraft fire prevention,and it is a starting point for other strategic approaches(e.g.fire detection and suppression).After long period of technical accumulation and practical application,the standard test and the evaluation method for the flammability test of manned spacecraft materials has been established at home and abroad.However,the current evaluation method can not accurately reflect the material flammability features in microgravity environment.One important goal of the current combustion and fire science research is to improve the flammability evaluation capability and develop new test method.This paper reviewed the main test methods of material flammability for manned spacecraft.The improvements of material flammability evaluation technology at home and abroad were summarized.In the end,the future research directions were proposed.

关 键 词：载人航天器 火灾安全 火灾预防 可燃性评价 固体材料 

分 类 号：TK16[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]