钛铝异质结构增材制造技术及其航天应用研究进展  

Research Progress in Additive Manufacturing Technology for Titanium-aluminum Bimetal Structures and Their Prospects in Aerospace

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作  者:祁俊峰 郑博文 杨三强 张建超 蒋疆 QI Junfeng;ZHENG Bowen;YANG Sanqiang;ZHANG Jianchao;JIANG Jiang(Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Co,LTD,Beijing 100190,China;College of Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区:[1]北京卫星制造厂有限公司,北京100190 [2]北京大学工学院,北京100871

出  处:《载人航天》2025年第2期248-260,共13页Manned Spaceflight

基  金:国家自然科学基金-联合基金项目(U22B2083)。

摘  要:在航天器制造中,通过合理设计钛、铝比例和位置,钛铝异质结构能够在轻量化的前提下实现零膨胀、减隔振等功能。由于钛铝异质结构多具有复杂几何形状,传统的机加工、铸造等方式难以使其成形,而增材制造技术的出现使得快速制造复杂钛铝异质结构成为可能。首先介绍了基于航天领域特定功能需求的钛铝异质结构,对适用于不同结构的增材制造技术工艺进行对比,剖析其利弊,针对不同结构在增材工艺方面提出了相关建议;然后对钛铝异质结构增材制造中常见的缺陷及其产生原因进行归纳,同时介绍了可抑制裂纹、气孔以及粗大柱状晶的成形策略,并给出了可能抑制不同缺陷的相关技术途径;最后对未来研究以及钛铝异质材料结构在航天领域的应用进行了展望。By strategically designing the layout of the two metals,the titanium-aluminum bimetallic structures can realize the aims such as thermal control,zero expansion,and support on the premise of being lightweight in spacecraft manufacturing.Due to the complex geometric shapes of bimetallic structures,traditional methods like machining and casting are not only challenging to shape them,but result in low efficiency,tedious processes,and material waste.The advent of additive manufacturing has made it possible to produce various bimetallic structures.This paper firstly introduces the currently designed titanium-aluminum bimetallic structures based on specific functional requirements in the aerospace field and presents the additive manufacturing technologies applicable to different structures.The advantages and disadvantages of different additive manufacturing technologies are analyzed and suggestions on technologies are given.Then a summary and analysis of typical defects and their causes in additive manufacturing are provided,and strategies for defect mitigation are introduced.Finally,the paper provides an outlook on future research and the application of titaniumaluminum bimetallic structures in aerospace.

关 键 词:钛铝异质结构 零膨胀 增材制造 抑制缺陷 

分 类 号:V461[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]

 

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