中西认知方式差异的哲学审思——“格物致知”与“知性为自然立法”  

A Philosophical Analysis of the Disparity in Cognitive Approaches Between China and the West:GeWu ZhiZhi(Investigating Things to Attain Knowledge)Vs."The Understanding Legislates for Nature"

作　　者：崔雨晴 CUI Yu-qing(School of Marxism,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学马克思主义学院,上海200444

出　　处：《徐州工程学院学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期32-37,共6页Journal of Xuzhou Institute of Technology:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：哲学学科常被视为起源于西方古希腊,因此中国学者对哲学的研究往往采用西方哲学本体论、认识论和生存论的理性框架,对中国传统哲学的分析也基本延续这一逻辑。实际上,中国传统哲学与西方精神理性层面的建构路径有着显著差异:在认知方式上,中国传统哲学以“格物致知”作为获取知识、认识世界的主要方式,通过“格物”“切身体察”展开对自然事物和伦理道德的认知;而西方哲学则以理性概念层面的理念为基础,对现实经验世界展开探索和解释,并对知识进行体系化建构。中西方哲学在知识理论体系内容差异的核心原因,在很大程度上可以以二者的认知方式的不同来概括——朱熹的“格物致知”与康德的“知性为自然立法”。Philosophy is often perceived as having originated in ancient Greece,leading Chinese scholars to predominantly adopt Western philosophical frameworks of ontology,epistemology,and existentialism when analyzing both Western and traditional Chinese philosophy.In reality,however,Chinese traditional philosophy diverges significantly from Western rationalist constructions in its epistemological orientation.Specifically,Chinese philosophy emphasizes"GeWu ZhiZhi"(格物致知)—Investigating Things to Attain Knowledge—as its primary mode of cognition,engaging with natural phenomena and ethical principles through direct observation and somatic reflection.By contrast,Western philosophy builds its knowledge systems on rational concepts,exploring and interpreting empirical reality through logical structures.The core divergence in knowledge systems between Chinese and Western philosophies can be largely attributed to their distinct cognitive approaches:Zhu Xi's"GeWu ZhiZhi"and Kant's"understanding legislates for nature."

关 键 词：差异 切身体验 格物致知 理性建构 

分 类 号：B1[哲学宗教—世界哲学]