上海市老旧小区楼道油烟直排气流组织模拟分析及改造方案探讨  

Air Distribution Simulation and Retrofit Proposals for Smoke Directly Exhausted into Walkway in the Old Residential Buildings in Shanghai

作　　者：顾文 汪铮 庄智[2] GU Wen;WANG Zheng;ZHUANG Zhi(Tongji Architectural Design(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200092,China;Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑设计研究院(集团)有限公司,上海200092 [2]同济大学,上海200092

出　　处：《绿色建筑》2025年第2期156-163,共8页Green Building

基　　金：上海市住房和城乡建设委员会科研项目“上海老旧小区楼道油烟直排改造技术研究”(沪建科2024-005-005)。

摘　　要：城镇老旧小区改造已被纳入《2024年国务院政府工作报告》,上海市现有约三成居住建筑房龄已经超过30 a,有大量房屋面临改造。上海市部分典型老旧小区的厨房排烟方式是将厨房油烟直接排放到内走道,这种排烟方式严重污染了楼道的空气,直接影响了居民的日常生活。在原有调研和实测的基础上,进一步通过气流组织模拟分析的手段,研究厨房排烟的规律,结果表明:厨房油烟在内走道排放后会在本层上部停留,并沿楼梯走道向上扩散,对其相邻上层走道的污染最为严重;低楼层排烟数量越多对高楼层的影响越大;冬季工况由于热压效应污染物向上层快速扩散,夏季工况向上层扩散较慢;夏季楼道内平均污染物浓度大于冬季,各层平均污染物浓度增加约46%。针对上述问题,提出设集中竖井屋面排放、内走道安装诱导风机、户内净化后直排的6种方案,以期为今后上海市老旧小区改造排油烟改造提供借鉴和参考。Renovation of old residential areas in urban areas has been included in the 2024 National Government Work Report.About 30%of the existing residential buildings in Shanghai are more than 30 years old,and a large number of houses are facing renovation.In some typical old residential areas in Shanghai,the kitchen smoke is directly discharged into the inner corridor,which seriously pollutes the air in the corridor and directly affects the daily life of residents.In this paper,on the basis of the original investigation and measurement,further through the means of air distribution simulation analysis,the law of kitchen smoke exhaust,the results show that:kitchen smoke exhaust in the inner aisle will stay in the upper part of the floor,and spread along the stair aisle upward,the pollution of its adjacent upper aisle is the most serious.The more smoke exhaust quantity in lower floors,the greater the influence on higher floors.In winter conditions,pollutants rapidly spread to the upper layer due to thermal compression effect.The diffusion of working conditions to the upper layer is slow in summer.The average pollutant concentration in the corridor in summer is greater than that in winter,and the average pollutant concentration increases by about 46%.In view of the above problems,this paper proposes three schemes:centralized shaft roof discharge,induction fan installation in the inner corridor,and direct discharge after indoor purification.It is hoped that this paper can provide reference for the reconstruction of old residential areas in Shanghai in the future.

关 键 词：老旧小区 上海市油烟污染 厨房排油烟改造 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]