深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层可视化模拟实验与孔隙演化机理  

Visualization simulation experiments and porosity evolution mechanisms of deep to ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs

作　　者：胡安平 佘敏 沈安江 乔占峰 李文正 杜秋定 袁长剑 HU Anping;SHE Min;SHEN Anjiang;QIAO Zhanfeng;LI Wenzheng;DU Qiuding;YUAN Changjian(State Energy Key Laboratory for Carbonate Oil and Gas,Hangzhou 310023,China;Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs,CNPC,Hangzhou 310023,China;PetroChina Hangzhou Institute of Petroleum Geology,Hangzhou 310023,China;Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultra-deep Oil and Gas,Korla 841000,China;PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源碳酸盐岩油气重点实验室,杭州310023 [2]中国石油集团碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室,杭州310023 [3]中国石油杭州地质研究院,杭州310023 [4]西南石油大学,成都610500 [5]新疆超深油气重点实验室,新疆库尔勒841000 [6]中国石油塔里木油田公司,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2025年第2期334-346,共13页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金“超深层碳酸盐岩孔隙形成与保持机理”(U23B20154);国家自然科学基金面上项目“走滑断裂控制的深部流体成岩改造机理研究——以塔里木盆地富满地区奥陶系为例”(42372169)。

摘　　要：针对深层—超深层碳酸盐岩孔隙形成演化过程与保持机理不清的难题,研制了超深层高温高压储层可视化模拟实验装置,针对四川盆地和塔里木盆地样品,开展深层—超深层逼近真实地质条件下的碳酸盐岩溶蚀-沉淀模拟实验。该装置包括4个核心模块:超高温超高压三轴应力岩心夹持器模块(温度大于300℃、压力大于150 MPa),具温压可调节功能的多时段-连续流模块,超高温度压力蓝宝石视窗池和流体属性高温高压原位测定模块,超高温超高压渗透率实时在线检测模块。应用该实验装置开展模拟实验,取得3项地质认识:①碳酸盐岩储层孔喉结构受控于岩性和初始孔喉结构,流体类型、浓度和溶蚀时长控制溶蚀程度,溶蚀过程存在2种演化模式,溶蚀规模与温度压力呈正相关关系,成孔高峰期与生烃高峰期匹配程度高;②开放-流动体系的白云岩溶蚀潜力大于灰岩,并受酸性流体类型、浓度和初始物性控制,可持续形成次生溶孔,且主要沿先存孔缝带发育和分布;③近封闭成岩体系中,酸性流体与碳酸盐岩持续反应达到饱和及动态平衡后,此时孔隙结构不再变化,先存孔隙得以保持。上述认识对深层—超深层碳酸盐岩储层孔喉结构和发育潜力评价、优质碳酸盐岩储层发育主控因素分析和分布预测具有指导意义。To address the challenges in studying the pore formation and evolution processes,and unclear preservation mechanisms of deep to ultra-deep carbonate rocks,a high-temperature and high-pressure visualization simulation experimental device was developed for ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs.Carbonate rock samples from the Sichuan Basin and Tarim Basin were used to simulate the dissolution-precipitation process of deep to ultra-deep carbonate in an analogous geological setting.This unit comprises four core modules:an ultra-high temperature,high pressure triaxial stress core holder module(temperature higher than 300°C,pressure higher than 150 MPa),a multi-stage continuous flow module with temperature-pressure regulation,an ultra-high temperature-pressure sapphire window cell and an in-situ high-temperature-pressure fluid property measurement module and real-time ultra-high temperature-pressure permeability detection module.The experimental device was used for simulation experiment,and the geological insights were obtained in three aspects.First,the pore-throat structure of carbonate reservoirs is controlled by lithology and initial pore-throat structure,and fluid type,concentration and dissolution duration determine the degree of dissolution.The dissolution process exhibits two evolution patterns.The dissolution scale is positively correlated to the temperature and pressure,and the pore-forming peak period aligns well with the hydrocarbon generation peak period.Second,the dissolution potential of dolomite in an open flow system is greater than that of limestone,and secondary dissolved pores formed continuously are controlled by the type and concentration of acidic fluids and the initial physical properties.These pores predominantly distribute along pre-existing pore/fracture zones.Third,in a nearly closed diagenetic system,after the chemical reaction between acidic fluids and carbonate rock reaches saturation and dynamic equilibrium,the pore structure no longer changes,keeping pre-existing pores well-preserved.These fi

关 键 词：深层—超深层 碳酸盐岩储层 模拟实验装置 孔喉结构 孔隙发育 分布规律 孔隙保持 塔里木盆地 四川盆地 

分 类 号：TE122.2[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]