调亏灌溉对玉米大豆间作群体光能辐射利用效率的影响  

Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on light energy radiation use efficiency of maize-soybean intercropping system

作　　者：陈文聪 段世名 廖祺 杜太生 CHEN Wencong;DUAN Shiming;LIAO Qi;DU Taisheng(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Beijing 100083,China;National Field Scientiffc Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province,Wuwei 733009,China;Center for Agricultural Water Research in China,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室,北京100083 [2]甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃武威733000 [3]中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第4期1-14,共14页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(52239002)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对我国西北旱区玉米大豆间作种植模式下种间光能分配不均、群体光能辐射利用效率和灌溉水利用效率低的问题,本研究提出了一种通过对单一作物非关键生育时期控水(I),调节作物冠层覆盖度和光合作用,以期减少玉米对大豆的荫蔽,在减少灌水量的同时实现产量和光能辐射利用效率双提升的思路。【方法】本研究设置4个水分处理(IW1:玉米100%I-大豆100%I;IW2:玉米100%I-大豆50%I;IW3:玉米50%I-大豆100%I;IW4:玉米50%I-大豆50%I)和2个玉米品种(C1:冠层紧凑型先玉335;C2:冠层平展型陇单4号),单作对应2个水分处理(MW1:100%I;MW4:50%I),单作与间作作物品种一致。测定各处理植株形态指标和净光合速率、生育期内冠层光能截获量变化、竞争比、土地当量比和灌溉水利用效率。【结果】(1)水分处理相同时,与同C2品种玉米间作的大豆相比,与C1品种玉米间作大豆P_(n)、LAI及地上部生物量显著增加26.90%、5.38%、5.42%,大豆IPAR显著降低6.25%,且显著提高间作群体总RUE。(2)间作玉米品种相同时,不同水分处理对玉米和大豆的P_(n)、株高、LAI及地上部生物量均有显著影响。其中与IW2处理相比,IW3处理灌水量减少16.79%,大豆P_(n)、LAI及地上部生物量均显著增加,且大豆IPAR显著降低10.43%,间作群体总RUE显著提高2.42%。(3)水分处理相同时,与C1品种玉米间作大豆产量、iWUE、CRs显著高于与C2品种玉米间作大豆,此外,与C1品种玉米间作的群体总LER平均显著提高2.38%。(4)间作玉米品种相同时,不同水分处理对大豆产量、CRs和间作群体总iWUE、LER均有显著影响。其中,与IW2处理相比,IW3处理可使大豆增产19.95%,间作群体总iWUE、总LER显著提高15.17%、8.12%。【结论】IW3处理结合紧凑型玉米品种能显著促进大豆生长,提高间作群体光能辐射利用效率。【Objective】Maize-soybean intercropping is a common cultivation technique in Northwestern China.However,one challenge with this system is the uneven distribution of interspecific light energy and the inefficient use of light and irrigation water.This study proposes a strategy to enhance crop canopy cover and photosynthesis by controlling irrigation during the non-critical reproductive period of maize.The objective is to reduce the shading effect of maize on soybean while improving yield and light energy utilization efficiency.【Method】A field experiment was conducted with four irrigation treatments:①sufficient irrigation for both maize and soybean(IW1),②sufficient irrigation for maize and deficient irrigation(50%)for soybean(IW2),③deficit irrigation for maize(50%)and sufficient irrigation for soybean(IW3),and④deficit irrigation(50%)for both maize and soybean(IW4).Soybean was intercropped with two maize varieties:Xianyu 335(C1)and Longdan(C2).A monocropping system served as the control,with two irrigation treatments:sufficient irrigation(MW1)and deficit irrigation(MW4).The experiment measured morphological indices,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),canopy changes,light energy interception,competition ratio(CR),land equivalent ratio(LER),and irrigation water use efficiency(iWUE)for both crops under each treatment.【Result】①Under the same irrigation treatment,soybean intercropped with C1 showed significantly higher P_(n)(26.90%),leaf area index(LAI)(5.38%),and aboveground biomass(5.42%)compared to intercropping with C2.Additionally,it reduced the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation(IPAR)of soybean by 6.25%while significantly improving the total radiation use efficiency(RUE)of the intercropping system.②Changes in irrigation had significant effects on P_(n),plant height,LAI,and aboveground biomass for both crops.In particular,IW3 reduced irrigation requirements by 16.79%compared to IW2,significantly increased P_(n),LAI,and biomass of soybean,and decreased IPAR by 10.43%.Intercropping impro

关 键 词：间作 调亏灌溉 辐射利用效率 玉米 大豆 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]